Takata matsubara

Takata matsubara
Pemandangan hijau dekat tepi pantai
Takata matsubara sebelum tsunami Tohoku 2011.
Satu pohon pinus yang masih berdiri
Sebuah pohon pinus yang berdiri selamat di Takata matsubara sehabis tsunami Tohoku 2011. Pohon tersebut kemudian mati.

Takata matsubara (高田松原) adalah hutan pinus yang pernah ada di wilayah pesisir kota Rikuzentakata, Prefektur Iwate, Jepang, sebagai bagian dari Taman Nasional Rikuchu Kaigan.[1] Tempat ini sejak lama merupakan tempat wisata populer untuk dinikmati pemandangannya. Pada tanggal 11 Maret 2011, tsunami yang dipicu gempa bumi Sendai menghantam kota Rikuzentakata dan melenyapkan semua pinus di hutan ini, kecuali satu batang yang kemudian mati dan didirikan kembali di sana pada upacara peringatan tsunami tersebut.

Sejarah

Takata matsubara merupakan hutan pinus yang tumbuh di pesisir pantai sepanjang 2 km. Tempat ini telah dikenal akan keindahannya semenjak Zaman Edo (1603-1867).[2] Diperkirakan, sampai tahun 2011, usia pohon-pohon pinus Takata matsubara rata-rata telah mencapai 270-300 tahun.[2][3]

Takata matsubara yang merupakan bagian dari kawasan Taman Nasional Rikuchu Kaigan, terdiri dari 70.000 batang pohon jenis pinus hitam dan merah.[3] Pada tahun 1927 Takata matsubara dimasukkan dalam daftar "100 Pemandangan Terindah di Jepang" dan pada tahun 1940 dikategorikan sebagai "Tempat dengan Pemandangan Indah"[4] Selain, sebagai tempat wisata, Takata matsubara juga berfungsi sebagai penahan angin.

Pada tanggal 11 Maret 2011, tsunami setinggi 15 meter yang dipicu Gempa bumi dan tsunami Sendai 2011, menghantam kota Rikuzentakata dan melenyapkan seluruh pinus Takata matsubara. Rikuzentakata yang menjadi kota terparah yang diterjang tsunami, kehilangan 10% populasinya.

Kiseki no ippon matsu

Dari puluhan ribu batang pinus dan yang tersapu gelombang, tersisa satu pohon pinus yang masih berdiri sehingga dengan segera menjadi pusat perhatian.[5] Sebatang pinus setinggi 26,8 meter tersebut kemudian dinamakan "kiseki no ippon matsu" (sebatang pinus ajaib).[3] Namun, sistem akar dan daun pinus ini diketahui telah rusak akibat menyerap air laut.[5] Meskipun tim penyelamat telah dikerahkan untuk memompa air asin dan mempertahankan agar pinus itu bisa bertahan, kemampuan menyerap nutrisinya telah berkurang.[5] Penduduk ikut menyumbang untuk penyelamatan pinus tersebut. Pada tanggal 12 September 2012, pinus ini mati. Batangnya kemudian dibawa ke Laboratorium Biologi Yoshida, Kyoto untuk diawetkan sebelum untuk didirikan kembali sebagai monumen peringatan tsunami.[2] Batang dipotong menjadi beberapa bagian dan dibuatkan tulang dari metal.[6] Pada batang pinus dipasang replika ranting dan daun dari resin sintetik.[6] Pohon pinus ini didirikan kembali di Rikuzentakata pada upacara peringatan 2 tahun bencana tsunami pada tanggal 11 Maret 2013.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ (Inggris)Introducing places of interest: Rikuchukaigan National Park Diarsipkan 2012-02-08 di Wayback Machine., Ministry of the Environment (Japan). 14-07-2013
  2. ^ a b c (Inggris)Tsunami 'miracle' pine tree was younger than thought Diarsipkan 2013-08-13 di Wayback Machine., Asahi Shimbun. 14-07-2013
  3. ^ a b c (Inggris)A Late Spring in Tōhoku (Part II), Nippon.com. 14-07-2013
  4. ^ (Inggris)Plans to spend £1.2 million saving Japan's 'miracle pine' under fire, Telegraph. 14-07-2013
  5. ^ a b c (Inggris)Sole surviving pine tree and symbol of Japan's post-tsunami hope is dying, Telegraph. 14-07-2013
  6. ^ a b c (Inggris)"Miracle Pine" Tree Reconstructed as a Memorial Sculpture to the Japanese Tsunami Diarsipkan 2014-11-14 di Wayback Machine., BLOUIN ARTINFO. 14-07-2013

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