Swaionisasi air

Swaionisasi air (dikenal juga sebagai autoionisasi air atau autodisosiasi air) adalah reaksi ionisasi yang terjadi pada air murni ketika molekul air (H₂O) mengalami deprotonasi (kehilangan salah satu hidrogennya) dan menjadi ion hidroksida, OH⁻. Hidrogen H⁺ lalu memprotonasi molekul air lainnya dan membentum hidronium, H₃O⁺. Autoionisasi air merupakan salah satu contoh autoprotolisis.

Konstanta kesetimbangan

Air yang murni memiliki konduktivitas listrik sebesar 0,055 µS/cm. Menurut teori Svante Arrhenius, hal ini disebabkan oleh keberadaan ion-ion. Ion-ion ini dihasilkan oleh reaksi swaionisasi:

H₂O + H₂O

H₃O⁺ + OH⁻

Konstanta kesetimbangan untuk reaksi ionisasi air adalah:

K_{\rm {eq}}={\frac {a_{\rm {H_{3}O^{+}}}\cdot a_{\rm {OH^{-}}}}{a_{\rm {H_{2}O}}^{2}}}

yang sama secara numerik dengan konstanta kesetimbangan termodinamika tradisional:

K_{\rm {eq}}={\frac {a_{\rm {H^{+}}}\cdot a_{\rm {OH^{-}}}}{a_{\rm {H_{2}O}}}}

dengan asumsi bahwa jumlah potensial kimia H⁺ dan H₃O⁺ sama dengan dua kali potensial H₂O pada suhu dan tekanan yang sama.^[1]

Dalam larutan berair yang encer, aktivitas partikel encer kurang lebih sama dengan konsentrasi mereka. Maka dari itu, konstanta disosiasi air (berlambang K_w) ditentukan oleh rumus:

K_{\rm {w}}=[{\rm {H_{3}O^{+}}}][{\rm {OH^{-}}}]

[H₃O⁺] adalah konsentrasi ion hidronium^[2] dan [OH⁻] adalah konsentrasi ion hidroksida.

Catatan kaki

^ "Release on the Ionization Constant of H₂O" (PDF). Lucerne: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam. August 2007.
^ Stumm, Werner; Morgan, James (1996). Aquatic Chemistry. Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters (edisi ke-3rd). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9780471511847.

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