Sonnet 18

Soneta 18 yang ditulis pada 1609 oleh William Shakespeare

Sonnet 18 adalah salah satu dari 154 soneta populer yang ditulis oleh penyair berkebangsaan Inggris, William Shakespeare, pada tahun 1609.[1] Puisi ini terdiri dari 14 baris dan berisi tentang ungkapan kekaguman yang ditunjukan oleh penyair kepada seseorang yang ia puja.[2] Pada puisi ini, penyair membandingkan keindahan seseorang yang ia puja dengan keindahan musim panas.[2]

Struktur

Sonnet 18 termasuk ke dalam jenis puisi quatrain.[2] Quatrain merupakan jenis puisi yang tiap baitnya terdiri atas empat baris.[3] Pada Sonnet 18, terdapat tiga quatrain dan satu kuplet. Kuplet sendiri merupakan sajak yang terdiri atas dua baris.[4] Rima yang terdapat pada Sonnet 18 adalah ABAB pada quatrain pertama, rima CDCD pada quatrain kedua, rima EFEF pada quatrain ketiga, dan rima GG pada bagian kuplet.[5]

Quatrain pertama

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?[5][6]

Thou art more lovely and more temperate[5][6]

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,[5][6]

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date[5][6]

Quatrain kedua

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,[5][6]

And often is his gold complexion dimmed;[5][6]

And every fair from fair sometime declines,[5][6]

By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed:[5][6]

Quatrain ketiga

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,[5][6]

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;[5][6]

Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade[5][6]

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:[5][6]

Kuplet

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,[5][6]

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.[6]

Isi

Secara keseluruhan, Sonnet 18 berisi tentang ungkapan kekaguman sang penyair terhadap seseorang yang ia puja.[2]

Quatrain 1

Quatrain 1 Parafrasa dalam Bahasa Inggris [7]
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Shall I compare you to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: You are more lovely and more constant:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, Rough winds shake the beloved buds of May
And summer's lease hath all too short a date: And summer is far too short:

Pada quatrain pertama, penyair mempertanyakan apakah ia harus membandingkan keindahan orang tersebut dengan keindahan hari-hari di musim panas.[8] Pada baris ini pula, penyair mengungkapkan bahwa, meski harus dibandingkan dengan musim panas, seseorang tersebut lebih indah dan lebih bernilai. Hal ini karena musim panas di Inggris berlangsung singkat sehingga keindahannya tidak bertahan lama.[8]

Quatrain 2

Quatrain 2 Parafrasa dalam Bahasa Inggris[7]
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, At times the sun is too hot,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; Or often goes behind the clouds;
And every fair from fair sometime declines, And everything beautiful sometime will lose its beauty,
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd; By misfortune or by nature's planned out course.

Pada quatrain kedua, penyair mengungkapkan bahwa pada musim panas terdapat dua kondisi.[8] Kondisi pertama, matahari bisa bersinar dengan sangat terik. Kondisi kedua, matahari juga terkadang tertutup awan.[8] Pada quatrain ini juga, penyair secara tersirat mengungkapkan bahwa segala keindahan di dunia perlahan akan memudar dengan sendirinya secara alami.[8]

Quatrain 3

Quatrain 3 Parafrasa dalam Bahasa Inggris[7]
But thy eternal summer shall not fade But your youth shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor will you lose the beauty that you possess;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, Nor will death claim you for his own,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st; Because in my eternal verse you will live forever.

Pada quatrain ketiga, penyair menyatakan bahwa, tak seperti keindahan musim panas yang berlangsung sementara, keindahan orang tersebut tak akan pudar dan berlangsung selamanya.[8] Quatrain ini memberikan kiasan bahwa keindahan orang tersebut tidak lekang oleh waktu meski dipisahkan oleh maut.[8] Hal ini karena sang penyair telah menuliskan segala keindahan tersebut dalam puisinya.[8]

Kuplet

Kuplet Parafrasa dalam Bahasa Inggris[7]
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long as there are people on this earth,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee. So long will this poem live on, making you immortal.

Pada bagian kuplet, penyair menyimpulkan bahwa selama masih ada manusia yang hidup di bumi, selama masih ada orang yang membacakan puisi tersebut maka keindahan orang yang ia puja itu tetap abadi.[8]

Referensi

  1. ^ (Indonesia) Encyclopedia. "Encyclopedia". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 
  2. ^ a b c d (Indonesia) Shakespeares Sonnet. "Shakespeare's Sonnet". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 
  3. ^ (Indonesia) Dosen Bahasa. "Conteh Puisi Quartain". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 
  4. ^ (Indonesia) Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Online. "Arti Kata Kuplet Menurut KBBI Online". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n (Indonesia) Poetry Foundation. "Sonnnet 18. Shal I Compare Thee to a Summer Day". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Shakespeare, William. Duncan-Jones, Katherine. Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Bloomsbury Arden 2010. ISBN 9781408017975. p. 147
  7. ^ a b c d (Indonesia) Shakespeare Online. "Sonnet 18". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i (Indonesia) Owlcation. "Summary and Full Analysis of Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare". Diakses tanggal 8 November 2019. 

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