Sitokrom

Sitokrom, pada umumnya adalah hemoprotein yang mengandung gugus heme dan berfungsi sebagai pengusung elektron. Sitokrom dapat dijumpai dalam bentuk monomer, seperti cyt.c atau sebagai sub-unit dari kompleks enzim yang merupakan katalisator reaksi redoks.

Sitokrom pertama kali ditemukan oleh Charles A. MacMunn pada tahun 1886, kemudian diteliti ulang oleh David Keilin pada tahun 1925 yang mengidentifikasi senyawa organik ini pada rantai transpor elektron.^[1]

Menurut David Keilin, sitokrom memungkinkan terjadi kopling antara reaksi oksidasi enzim dehidrogenase pada pengusung hidrogen Wieland,

2{\mbox{SH}}_{2}\rightarrow 2{\mbox{S}}+4{\mbox{H}}^{+}\,

dengan reaksi reduksi enzim oksidase Warburg pada molekul hidrogen tersebut,

{\mbox{O}}_{2}+4{\mbox{H}}^{+}\rightarrow 2{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\,

oleh karena terjadi perpindahan elektron antara kedua reaksi tersebut melalui tiga buah sitokrom yang berturut-turut disebut cyt.b, cyt.c dan cyt.a.^[2]

Rujukan

^ (Inggris) "[Two faces of cytochrome c]". Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej; Wojtczak L. Diakses tanggal 2010-11-15.
^ (Inggris) "DAVID KEILIN'S RESPIRATORY CHAIN CONCEPT AND ITS CHEMIOSMOTIC CONSEQUENCES" (PDF). Glynn Research Institute; Peter Mitchell. Diakses tanggal 2010-11-15.

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