Sistan

Sistan (Persia/Baluchi/Pashtun: سیستان), yang dikenal pada zaman kuno sebagai Sakastan (Persia/Baluchi/Pashtun: ساكاستان; "Tanah Saka") adalah sebuah wilayah sejarah dan geografis di timur Iran (Provinsi Sistan dan Baluchestan), selatan Afghanistan (Nimruz, Kandahar), dan wilayah Nok Kundi dari Balochistan (barat Pakistan).

Asal-usul nama

Nama Sistan berasal dari Sakastan ("tanah Saka"). Saka adalah suku Skithia yang dari abad ke-2 SM hingga abad ke-1 bermigrasi ke Dataran Tinggi Iran dan Lembah Indus, di mana mereka mendirikan sebuah kerajaan yang dikenal sebagai India-Skithia.^[1]^[2] Di dalam Bundahishn, kitab Zoroastrianisme yang ditulis dalam bahasa Pahlevi, Provinsi ini disebut "Seyansih".^[3] Setelah penaklukan Iran oleh Arab, provinsi ini dikenal sebagai Sijistan/Sistan.^[2]

Sumber

Daryaee, Touraj (2009). Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 1–240. ISBN 0857716662.
Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). ISBN 0-415-14687-9.
Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain (1975). "The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath". The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–57. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
Morony, M. (1986). "ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2. hlm. 203–210.
Christensen, Peter (1993). The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environments in the History of the Middle East, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500. Museum Tusculanum Press. hlm. 1–351. ISBN 9788772892597.
Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2005). "SASANIAN DYNASTY". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2014.
Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. hlm. 1–411. ISBN 9783406093975.
Schmitt, R. (1995). "DRANGIANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. hlm. 534–537.
Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1997). "Sīstān". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden, and New York: BRILL. hlm. 681–685. ISBN 9789004082656.
Gazerani, Saghi (2015). The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran’s National History: On the Margins of Historiography. BRILL. hlm. 1–250. ISBN 9789004282964.
Bosworth, C. E. (2011). "SISTĀN ii. In the Islamic period". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
Barthold, W. (1986). "ʿAmr b. al-Layth". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden and New York: BRILL. hlm. 452–453. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
Bosworth, C.E. (1975). "The Ṭāhirids and Ṣaffārids". Dalam Frye, R.N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 90–135.
Bosworth, C. E. (1975). "The rise of the new Persian language". Dalam Frye, R. N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 595–633. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.

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