Simpangan baku

Gambar distribusi normal, tiap warna mewakili 1 simpangan baku

Dalam statistika dan probabilitas, simpangan baku atau deviasi standar adalah ukuran sebaran statistik yang paling lazim. Singkatnya, ia mengukur bagaimana nilai-nilai data tersebar. Bisa juga didefinisikan sebagai, rata-rata jarak penyimpangan titik-titik data diukur dari nilai rata-rata data tersebut.

Simpangan baku didefinisikan sebagai akar kuadrat varians. Simpangan baku merupakan bilangan tak-negatif, dan memiliki satuan yang sama dengan data. Misalnya jika suatu data diukur dalam satuan meter, maka simpangan baku juga diukur dalam meter pula.

Istilah simpangan baku pertama kali diperkenakan oleh Karl Pearson pada tahun 1894, dalam bukunya On the dissection of asymmetrical frequency curves.

Dalam Statistik, wilayah data yang berada di antara +/- 1 simpangan baku akan berkisar 68.2%, wilayah data yang berada di antara +/- 2 simpangan baku akan berkisar 95.4%, dan wilayah data yang berada di antara +/- 3 simpangan baku akan berkisar 99.7%,

Rumus simpangan baku

Simpangan baku populasi

Simpangan baku untuk populasi disimbolkan dengan σ (sigma) dan didefinisikan dengan rumus:

Simpangan baku sampel

Rumus:

dimana adalah nilai data dari sampel dan adalah rata-rata dari sampel.

Pranala luar


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