Serat

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang serat dalam konteks umum. Untuk serat dalam konteks pangan, lihat Serat pangan.
Serat karbon

Serat (bahasa Inggris: fiber) adalah suatu jenis bahan berupa potongan-potongan komponen yang membentuk jaringan memanjang yang utuh. Contoh serat yang paling sering dijumpai adalah serat pada kain. Material ini sangat penting dalam ilmu Biologi baik hewan maupun tumbuhan sebagai pengikat dalam tubuh. Manusia menggunakan serat dalam banyak hal: untuk membuat tali, kain, atau kertas. Serat dapat digolongkan menjadi dua jenis yaitu serat alami dan serat sintetis (serat buatan manusia). Serat sintetis dapat diproduksi secara murah dalam jumlah yang besar. Namun, serat alami memiliki berbagai kelebihan khususnya dalam hal kenyamanan.

Serat alam

Serat alami meliputi serat yang diproduksi oleh tumbuh-tumbuhan, hewan, dan proses geologis. Serat jenis ini bersifat dapat mengalami pelapukan. Serat alami dapat digolongkan ke dalam:

  • Serat tumbuhan/serat pangan; biasanya tersusun atas selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan kadang-kadang mengandung pula lignin. Contoh dari serat jenis ini yaitu katun dan kain ramie. Serat tumbuhan digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat kertas dan tekstil. Serat tumbuhan juga penting bagi nutrisi manusia.
  • Serat kayu, serat yang berasal dari batang tumbuhan berkayu.
  • Serat hewan, umumnya tersusun atas protein tertentu. Contoh dari serat hewan yang dimanfaatkan oleh manusia adalah serat ulat (sutra) dan bulu domba (wol).
  • Serat mineral, umumnya dibuat dari asbestos. Saat ini asbestos adalah satu-satunya mineral yang secara alami terdapat dalam bentuk serat panjang.

Serat sintetis

Serat sintetis atau serat buatan manusia umumnya berasal dari bahan petrokimia. Namun, ada pula serat sintetis yang dibuat dari selulosa alami seperti rayon.

Serat mineral

Serat polimer

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