Sektor primer

Sektor primer adalah sektor ekonomi yang memanfaatkan sumber daya alam secara langsung. Sektor primer umumnya meliputi bidang pekerjaan pertanian, kehutanan, perikanan, dan pertambangan.[1] Sektor primer merupakan lapangan pekerjaan yang paling awal dan salah satu lapangan pekerjaan yang utama.[2] Penentuan sektor pertanian didasarkan kepada bahan yang digunakan untuk proses produksi beserta dengan produk yang dihasilkan. Sektor primer menghasilkan produk yang akan diolah pada sektor sekunder. Hasil produksi sektor primer umumnya digunakan dalam industri pengolahan, energi listrik, gas, air bersih dan konstruksi.[3] Industri sektor primer umumnya merupakan bagian terpenting pada suatu negara berkembang. Pembangunan ekonomi dalam sektor primer menurun tingkat kepentingannya seiring dengan perkembangan suatu negara dari negara berkembang berubah menjadi negara maju.

Pemakai

Negara berkembang

Sebagian besar negara berkembang merupakan negara yang pernah mengalami penjajahan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan sistem perekonomian di negara berkembang umumnya masih menerapkan sistem perekonomian kolonial atau ekonomi tradisional. Pola perdagangan internasional di negara berkembang masih mengutamakan kegiatabn ekspor dalam sektor primer. Barang hasil produksi umumnya meliputi hasil usaha tani, pertambangan, dan kehutanan. Selain itu, bentuk barang umumnya masih berupa bahan baku yang masih perlu diolah sebelum digunakan.[4]

Penghambat

Revolusi industri

Perkembangan sektor primer umumnya dihambat oleh adanya revolusi industri di suatu negara. Terjadinya revolusi industri menimbulkan kegiatan-kegiatan pembangunan yang berubah-ubah seiring dengan perkembangan pembangunan. Kegiatan pembangunan yang berubah-ubah kemudian meningkatkan jumlah investasi yang diperlukan dalam pembangunan. Perkembangan pembangunan sebaliknya mengurangi atau menghambat pengembangan sektor primer khususnya sektor pertanian. Selain itu, sektor pertanian juga mengalami tekanan kerja yang tinggi guna memenuhi kebutuhan pembangunan.[5]

Transformasi struktural

Peran sektor primer umumnya berkurang pada masa peralihan sistem perekonomian dari ekonomi tradisional menjadi ekonomi modern. Peralihan ini deikenal sebagai fenomena transformasi struktural. Kegiatan ekonomi beralih dari sektor primer menuju ke sektor sekunder hingga ke sektor tersier. Pengurangan peran ditandai dengan beralihnya tenaga kerja dan investasi dari sektor primer menuju ke sektor sekunder atau tersier. Pengurangan peran pada sektor primer merupakan salah satu metode pencapaian pertumbuhan ekonomi yang disertai dengan transformasi struktural. Tenaga kerja dialihkan dari sektor dengan produktivitas rendah ke sektor dengan produktivitas tinggi.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ Prasetyani, P., dan Sumardi (2020). Analisis Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) (PDF). Surakarta: CV. Djiwa Amarta Press. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-602-5646-34-8. 
  2. ^ Fatihudin, Didin (2019). Membedah Investasi, Menuai Geliat Ekonomi (PDF). Sleman: Deepublish. hlm. 53. ISBN 978-623-209-360-7. 
  3. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik (2012). Analisis Statistik Sosial: Bonus Demografi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (PDF). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. hlm. 12. 
  4. ^ Hasan, M., dan Muhammad Azis (2018). Pembangunan Ekonomi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Strategi Pembangunan Manusia dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Lokal (PDF). CV. Nur Lina. hlm. 78. ISBN 978-602-51907-6-6. 
  5. ^ Digdowiseiso, Kumba (2019). Sugiyanto, Eko, ed. Teori Pembangunan (PDF). Jakarta Selatan: Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Nasional. hlm. 44–45. ISBN 978-623-7376-40-8. 
  6. ^ Daryanto, A., dkk. (2015). Yuwono, Margo, ed. Analisis Tematik ST2013 Subsektor: Transformasi Struktural Usahatani dan Petani Indonesia (PDF). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. hlm. 3. ISBN 978-979-064-870-8. 

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