Scutum (tameng)

Scutum adalah jenis perisai yang digunakan di antara orang-orang Italia di zaman kuno, dan kemudian oleh tentara Romawi kuno mulai sekitar abad keempat SM.^[1]

Bangsa Romawi mengadopsinya ketika mereka beralih dari formasi falangs hoplites orang Yunani ke formasi dengan manipulus (bahasa Latin: manipuli). Yang pertama, para prajurit membawa perisai bundar, yang oleh orang Romawi disebut clipeus. Dalam yang terakhir, mereka menggunakan scutum, yang merupakan perisai yang lebih besar. Awalnya itu adalah perisai lonjong dan cembung. Pada abad pertama SM itu telah berkembang menjadi persegi panjang, perisai semi-silinder yang populer dikaitkan dengan skutum pada zaman modern. Ini bukan satu-satunya perisai yang digunakan orang Romawi; Perisai Romawi memiliki berbagai jenis tergantung pada peran prajurit yang membawanya. Perisai oval, melingkar dan persegi panjang digunakan sepanjang sejarah Romawi.

Catatan

^ Guttman, Jon. "Roman Gladius and Scutum: Carving out an Empire". HistoryNet. Historynet LLC. Diakses tanggal June 4, 2021. The scutum, originally elliptical, had assumed a rectangular shape by the early days of the empire. An imperial scutum comprised strips of bentwood, steamed over a form into a convex curve to deflect blows and missiles.

Referensi

James, Simon (2004). Excavations at Dura-Europos 1928–1937. Final Report VII. The Arms and Armour and Other Military Equipment. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2248-3.
McDowall, Simon (1994). Late Roman Infantryman AD236–565. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-8553-2419-0
Nabbefeld, Ansgar (2008). Roman Shields. Studies on archaeological finds and iconographic evidence from the end of Republic to the late Empire. Cologne. ISBN 978-3-89646-138-4
Robinson, H.R. (1975). The Armour of Imperial Rome. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-219-4.

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