Sanksi

Sanksi dalam bahasa Indonesia diambil dari bahasa Belanda, sanctie, seperti dalam poenale sanctie yang terkenal dalam sejarah Indonesia pada masa kolonial Belanda.

Sanksi yang melibatkan negara:

  • Sanksi internasional, yaitu langkah-langkah hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh suatu negara atau sekelompok negara terhadap negara lain karena alasan-alasan politik.
    • Sanksi diplomatik, yaitu penurunan atau pemutusan hubungan diplomatik, seperti misalnya penurunan tingkat hubungan diplomatik dari kedutaan besar menjadi konsulat atau penarikan duta besar sama sekali.
    • Sanksi ekonomi, biasanya berupa larangan perdagangan, kemungkinan dalam batas-batas tertentu seperti persenjataan, atau dengan pengecualian tertentu, misalnya makanan dan obat-obatan, seperti yang dikenakan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap Kuba.
    • Sanksi militer, dalam bentuk intervensi militer
  • Sanksi perdagangan, yaitu sanksi ekonomi yang diberlakukan karena alasan-alasan non-politik, biasanya sebagai bagian dari suatu pertikaian perdagangan, atau semata-mata karena alasan ekonomi. Lazimnya melibatkan pengenaan tarif khusus atau langkah-langkah serupa, dan bukan larangan total.

Arti lain:

  • Dalam konteks hukum, sanksi berarti hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh pengadilan.
  • Dalam konteks sosiologi, sanksi dapat berarti kontrol sosial.

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