Samuel Goudsmit

Samuel Goudsmit
Samuel Goudsmit sekitar tahun 1928
LahirSamuel Abraham Goudsmit
(1902-07-11)11 Juli 1902
Den Haag, Belanda
Meninggal4 Desember 1978(1978-12-04) (umur 76)
Reno, Nevada
KebangsaanBelanda-Amerika
AlmamaterUniversitas Leiden (Ph.D) (1927)
Dikenal atasSpin elektron
Misi Alsos
PenghargaanMedali Sains Nasional (1976)
Karier ilmiah
BidangFisika
InstitusiUniversitas Michigan
Mahasiswa doktoralRobert Bacher

Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (11 Juli 1902 – 4 Desember 1978) adalah seorang fisikawan Belanda-Amerika yang terkenal berkat usulannya, bersama George Eugene Uhlenbeck, mengenai konsep spin elektron pada tahun 1925.[1][2]

Kehidupan dan karier

Goudsmit dilahirkan di Den Haag, Belanda, dengan keturunan Belanda Yahudi. Ia adalah putra Isaac Goudsmit, seorang produsen kloset siram, dan Marianne Goudsmit-Gompers, yang mengelola toko topi wanita. Pada tahun 1943 orang tuanya dideportasi ke kamp konsentrasi oleh penjajah Jerman di Belanda dan dibunuh di sana.[3]

Visualisasi spin elektron di dinding di Leiden

Goudsmit menjalani studi di bidang fisika di Universitas Leiden di bawah supervisi Paul Ehrenfest,[4] di mana ia memperoleh gelar PhD pada tahun 1927.[5] Setelah menerima gelar PhD-nya, Goudsmit menjabat sebagai Profesor di Universitas Michigan antara tahun 1927 dan 1946. Pada tahun 1930 ia ikut menulis sebuah naskah bersama Linus Pauling berjudul The Structure of Line Spectra.

Selama Perang Dunia II ia bekerja di Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[6] Dia juga merupakan kepala ilmiah Misi Alsos. Alsos, bagian dari Proyek Manhattan, dirancang untuk menilai kemajuan proyek proyek bom atom Nazi. Dalam buku Alsos, yang diterbitkan tahun 1947, Goudsmit menyimpulkan bahwa Jerman tidak mencapai rencanya untuk membuat senjata. Dia mengaitkan hal ini dengan ketidakmampuan sains untuk berfungsi di bawah negara totaliter dan kurangnya ilmuwan Jerman yang mengetahui bagaimana membuat bom atom. Kedua kesimpulan ini telah diperdebatkan oleh para sejarawan kemudian (lihat Heisenberg) dan bertentangan dengan fakta bahwa negara totaliter Soviet memproduksi bom tidak lama setelah buku tersebut dirilis.

Samuel Goudsmit dan Wolfgang Pauli di Uruguay, 1942.

Setelah perang ia menjadi profesor di Universitas Northwestern, dan dari tahun 1948-1970 ia menjabat sebagai ilmuwan senior di Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven, mengepalai Departemen Fisika pada rentang tahun 1952-1960. Di saat yang sama, ia terkenal sebagai Pemimpin Redaksi jurnal fisika terkemuka Physical Review, yang diterbitkan oleh American Physical Society. Pada Juli 1958 ia memulai jurnal Physical Review Letters.[7] Saat ia pensiun sebagai editor pada tahun 1974, Goudsmit pindah ke fakultas Universitas Nevada di Reno, tempat ia tinggal sampai kematiannya empat tahun kemudian.

Dia juga memberikan kontribusi ilmiah untuk Egiptologi yang diterbitkan dalam Expedition, Musim Panas 1972, hlm. 13–16 ; American Journal of Archaeology 78, 1974 hlm. 78; dan Journal of Near Eastern Studies 40, 1981 hlm. 43–46. Koleksi Samuel A. Goudsmit dari Benda Purbakala Mesir berada di Museum Arkeologi Kelsey di Universitas Michigan di Ann Arbor, Michigan.[8]

Goudsmit menjadi anggota Akademi Kesenian dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kerajaan Belanda pada tahun 1939, meskipun dia mengundurkan diri tahun berikutnya. Dia diterima kembali pada tahun 1950.[9]

Karya terpilih

Referensi

  1. ^ G.E. Uhlenbeck and S. Goudsmit, Naturwissenschaften 13(47) (1925) 953.
  2. ^ Goldhaber, Maurice (April 1979). "Obituary: Samuel A. Goudsmit". Physics Today (dalam bahasa Inggris). 32 (4): 71–72. Bibcode:1979PhT....32d..71G. doi:10.1063/1.2995511. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2013. 
  3. ^ Benjamin Bederson, 2008, Samuel Abraham Goudsmit 1902 — 1978, Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, 29 hlm.
  4. ^ Samuel Goudsmit di Mathematics Genealogy Project
  5. ^ Samuel Goudsmit (1927). "Atoommodel en structuur der spectra" (PDF). 
  6. ^ Asimov. Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (edisi ke-2 direvisi). 
  7. ^ "Samuel A. Goudsmit Papers, 1921-1979". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 Oktober 2014. Diakses tanggal 31 Oktober 2014. 
  8. ^ Description of Goudsmit's contribution to the museum
  9. ^ "S.A. Goudsmit (1902 - 1978)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Diakses tanggal 24 Januari 2016. 

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