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Rumpun bahasa Makassar

Rumpun bahasa
Makassar
PersebaranSulawesi
Penggolongan bahasa
Kode bahasa
Glottologmaka1310
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Rumpun bahasa Makassar adalah sekelompok bahasa yang dituturkan di bagian selatan provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Rumpun bahasa ini merupakan cabang dari rumpun bahasa Sulawesi Selatan.[1][2] Bahasa yang paling banyak dituturkan dari rumpun ini adalah bahasa Makassar, dengan jumlah penutur lebih dari dari dua juta, di Kota Makassar serta daerah sekitarnya.

Status bahasa-bahasa dalam rumpun Makassar sebagai bahasa yang terpisah (kecuali bahasa Makassar sendiri) tidak diterima secara universal. Baik dalam klasifikasi yang lebih tua,[3] maupun dalam penelitian terbaru yang dilakukan oleh ahli bahasa lokal,[4] bahasa-bahasa tersebut dianggap sebagai dialek bahasa Makassar.

Daftar bahasa

Tata bunyi

Ciri khas bahasa rumpun Makassar dari segi bunyinya adalah munculnya vokal yang menggema pada kata-kata yang memiliki akhiran /r/, /l/, atau /s/. Misalnya, /botol/, diucapkan sebagai sebagai bótolo dalam bahasa Selayar dan Konjo Pesisir, dan sebagai bótoloʔ dalam bahasa Makassar (bahasa Makassar sering menambahkan bunyi letup celah-suara pada vokal gema). Vokal gema dihilangkan jika ditambahkan imbuhan akhiran, tetapi tetap dipertahankan jika diikuti enklitik.[5]

Bahasa Makassar Bahasa Selayar
Kata dasar /rantas/
rántasaʔ
'kotor'
/lambus/
lámbusu
'kotor'
Dengan imbuhan akhiran /rantas/ + /-aŋ/
rantás-aŋ
'lebih kotor'
/lambus/ + /-aŋ/
lambús-aŋ
'lebih lurus'
Dengan enklitik /rantas/ + /=ak/
rántasak=aʔ
'aku kotor'
/lambus/ + /=a/
lámbusu=a
'aku lurus'

Perbedaan kosa kata

Makassar Konjo Pesisir Selayar
Gowa (Baku) Jeneponto
membuat appareʔ anghaju aʔbuaʔ
duduk ammempo accidong accidong attolong
lapar cipuruʔ paʔre paʔre paʔre
kenapa angngapa angngura angngura angngura
banyaknya, berapa jai loe lohe lohe
rumah ballaʔ ballaʔ, bola sapo
teman agang urang urang urang
dengan siagang surang siurang surang
air jeʔneʔ ére jeʔneʔ
telur bayao bajao tannoro
anjing kongkong asu asu
kucing miong cammiʔ cammiʔ, meong meong
daun lekoʔ raung taha
hitam leʔleng bolong etang
putih keboʔ pute pute
delapan sagantuju karua karua
sembilan salapang salapang kaʔassa

Referensi

  1. ^ Grimes, C. E. and B. E. Grimes (1987). Languages of South SulawesiPerlu mendaftar (gratis). Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-D78. ISBN 0858833522. 
  2. ^ Friberg, T. and T.V. Laskowske (1989). "South Sulawesi languages". In: J.N. Sneddon (ed.), Studies in Sulawesi linguistics part 1, pp. 1-17. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa.
  3. ^ Esser, S.J. (1938). "Talen". Atlas van Tropisch Nederland. Blad 9a. Batavia: Topografische Dienst. 
  4. ^ Ramlah Mappau (2017). "Konstituen Pengungkap Negasi Dalam Bahasa Makassar Dialek Lakiung dan Turatea" [Constituent of Negation Expression in Makassarese Language Dialect of Laking and Turatea]. Sawerigading. 23 (1): 127—137. 
  5. ^ Basri, Hasan; Broselow, Ellen; Finer, Daniel (2012). "The end of the word in Makassar languages" (PDF). Dalam Borowsky, Toni; Kawahara, Shigeto; Sugahara, Mariko; Shinya, Takahito. Prosody Matters: Essays in Honor of Elisabeth Selkirk. Advances in Optimality Theory. Sheffield & Bristol, Conn.: Equinox. 

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