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Richard Spencer
Richard Spencer
Lahir	Richard Bertrand Spencer; 11 Mei 1978 (umur 46); Boston, Massachusetts, Amerika Serikat
Tempat tinggal	Alexandria, Virginia, Amerika Serikat
Kebangsaan	Amerika Serikat
Almamater	Universitas Virginia (BA); Universitas Chicago (MA); Universitas Duke
Pekerjaan	Penulis
Dikenal atas	Presiden dan Direktur National Policy Institute; Direktur Eksekutif Washington Summit Publishers
Kota asal	Whitefish, Montana, Amerika Serikat
Gerakan politik	Alt-right; Gerakan identitarian
Suami/istri	Nina Kouprianova

Richard Bertrand Spencer (lahir 11 Mei 1978) adalah seorang pendukung gerakan supremasi kulit putih Amerika Serikat.^[1] Ia menjabat sebagai ketua National Policy Institute (yang merupakan organisasi pendukung supremasi kulit putih) dan Washington Summit Publishers. Spencer sendiri menolak cap "pendukung supremasi kulit putih" dan menganggap dirinya sebagai bagian dari gerakan identitarian.^[2]^[3]^[4] Ia menganjurkan pendirian tanah air kulit putih untuk "ras kulit putih yang terusir" dan menyerukan "pembersihan etnis secara damai" untuk menghentikan "dekonstruksi" budaya Eropa.^[5] Spencer mengklaim bahwa ia telah menciptakan istilah "alt-right",^[6] yang ia anggap sebagai pergerakan yang terkait dengan identitas kulit putih.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Spencer dan organisasinya menarik perhatian media beberapa minggu setelah pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016, ketika ia mengutip propaganda Nazi dalam pertemuan National Policy Institute.^[9] Ia meneriakkan "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!", dan sejumlah pendukungnya lalu membuat salam Nazi dan menyanyikan yel-yel yang serupa dengan Sieg Heil.^[10]^[11]

Spencer adalah salah satu pembicara dalam acara Unite the Right rally di Charlottesville, Virginia, yang menarik perhatian publik setelah terjadinya bentrok yang membuat Gubernur Virginia Terry McAuliffe menyatakan keadaan darurat.^[12]^[13] Kehadirannya sebagai pembicara kemudian ditolak atau dibatalkan, yang lalu memicu tuntutan hukum terhadap Universitas Negeri Michigan^[14] dan ancaman tuntutan hukum terhadap Universitas Florida. Universitas FLorida pada akhirnya mengizinkannya untuk menjadi pembicara pada Oktober 2017.^[15] Beberapa hari sebelum acaranya, Gubernur Florida Rick Scott menyatakan keadaan darurat dengan alasan "kedaruratan potensial" yang dapat dipicu oleh kehadiran Spencer.^[16] Spencer juga telah dilarang masuk ke Britania Raya semenjak tahun 2016^[17] dan Kawasan Schengen semenjak Oktober 2017.^[18]

Catatan kaki

^
* Peoples, Steve (July 24, 2016). "Energized white supremacists cheer Trump convention message". Associated Press. Cleveland, OH. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2017-11-23.
- Wines, Michael; Saul, Stephanie (July 5, 2015). "White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites". The New York Times.
- Gelin, Martin (November 13, 2014). "White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right". Slate. Budapest, Hungary.
- Chris Welch and Sara Ganim, White Supremacist Richard Spencer: 'We reached tens of millions of people' with video, CNN, December 6, 2016. "Now Spencer, a 38-year-old white supremacist and founder of the so-called alt-right movement, is taking his rhetoric on the road..."
- Mangan, Katherine. "A push to 'expand white privilege': Richard B. Spencer president, National Policy Institute, a white-supremacist group." The Chronicle of Higher Education, December 9, 2016, A6+.
- Zalman, Jonathan. "Neo-Nazi Website Tells Readers to 'Take Action' Against Jews on Behalf of Richard Spencer's Mother in Montana." Tablet Magazine, December 19, 2016. "Critics of Richard Spencer the white supremacist, alt-right leader who dreams of an "ethno-state"are making their voices heard..."
- "Campus clashes as US white supremacist gives speech." London Evening Standard [London, England], 7 Dec. 2016, p. 22. "Hundreds of demonstrators clashed with riot police at a protest against a white supremacist's speech at a leading American university. Richard Spencer, who gained notoriety for holding a so-called "alt-right" meeting celebrating Donald Trump's election triumph with Nazi rhetoric, told students attending the speech at the Texas A&M University last night: 'At the end of the day, America belongs to white men.'"
- Gretel Kauffman, "Donald Trump again disavows so-called alt-right supporters", Christian Science Monitor, November 23, 2016. "Richard Spencer, coiner of the term "alt-right" and head of the white supremacist National Policy Institute..."
- Gretel Kauffman, "White supremacists convene in celebration of Trump victory", Christian Science Monitor, November 20, 2016. The annual conference of the National Policy Institute, a white supremacist think tank, experienced a rise in attendance this year... 'It’s been an awakening,' Richard Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute, said at the conference."
^ Maya Oppenheim (January 23, 2017). "Alt-right leader Richard Spencer worries getting punched will become 'meme to end all memes'". The Independent. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2017.
^ Ehrenfreund, Max (November 21, 2016). "What the alt-right really wants, according to a professor writing a book about them". Washington Post. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2016.
^ Posner, Sarah (October 18, 2016). "Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise". Rolling Stone. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-16. Diakses tanggal 2017-11-23.
^ Lombroso, Daniel; Appelbaum, Yoni (November 21, 2016). "'Hail Trump!': White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect" (Includes excerpted video). The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal January 23, 2017.
^ Spencer, Richard (August 6, 2008). "The Conservative Write". Taki's Magazine.
^ "Alternative Right". Southern Poverty Law Center. Diakses tanggal November 22, 2016.
^ Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (May 5, 2016). "Is the Alt-Right for Real?". The New Yorker.
^ ^a ^b Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). "Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'". The New York Times.
^ Bradner, Eric (November 22, 2016). "Alt-right leader: 'Hail Trump! Hail our people! Hail victory!'". CNN. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.
^ Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). "Alt-Right Gathering Exults in Trump Election With Nazi-Era Salute". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.
^ nbc29.com: "ADL Lists Kessler, Other 'Unite The Right' Speakers as White Supremacists" Diarsipkan 2017-08-29 di Wayback Machine., 25 Jul 2017
^ Nelson, Libby; Lind, Dara (August 12, 2017). "Charlottesville Unite the Right rally: what's happened so far". Vox. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.
^ Jesse, David (September 3, 2017). "MSU sued by Richard Spencer's white supremacist group for refusing space on campus". Detroit Free Press. Diakses tanggal September 6, 2017.
^ Hartocollis, Anemona (October 17, 2017). "University of Florida Braces for Richard Spencer". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.
^ Wamsley, Laurel (October 17, 2017). "Florida's Governor Declares State Of Emergency Ahead Of Richard Spencer Speech". NPR (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.
^ Weigel, David (July 12, 2016). "U.K.'s next leader banned a prominent white nationalist from visiting". Diakses tanggal November 23, 2017 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
^ "White nationalist Richard Spencer banned from 26 European nations". November 22, 2017. Diakses tanggal November 23, 2017 – via LA Times.

[1] * Peoples, Steve (July 24, 2016). "Energized white supremacists cheer Trump convention message". Associated Press. Cleveland, OH. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2017-11-23.
Wines, Michael; Saul, Stephanie (July 5, 2015). "White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites". The New York Times.

Gelin, Martin (November 13, 2014). "White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right". Slate. Budapest, Hungary.

Chris Welch and Sara Ganim, White Supremacist Richard Spencer: 'We reached tens of millions of people' with video, CNN, December 6, 2016. "Now Spencer, a 38-year-old white supremacist and founder of the so-called alt-right movement, is taking his rhetoric on the road..."

Mangan, Katherine. "A push to 'expand white privilege': Richard B. Spencer president, National Policy Institute, a white-supremacist group." The Chronicle of Higher Education, December 9, 2016, A6+.

Zalman, Jonathan. "Neo-Nazi Website Tells Readers to 'Take Action' Against Jews on Behalf of Richard Spencer's Mother in Montana." Tablet Magazine, December 19, 2016. "Critics of Richard Spencer the white supremacist, alt-right leader who dreams of an "ethno-state"are making their voices heard..."

"Campus clashes as US white supremacist gives speech." London Evening Standard [London, England], 7 Dec. 2016, p. 22. "Hundreds of demonstrators clashed with riot police at a protest against a white supremacist's speech at a leading American university. Richard Spencer, who gained notoriety for holding a so-called "alt-right" meeting celebrating Donald Trump's election triumph with Nazi rhetoric, told students attending the speech at the Texas A&M University last night: 'At the end of the day, America belongs to white men.'"

Gretel Kauffman, "Donald Trump again disavows so-called alt-right supporters", Christian Science Monitor, November 23, 2016. "Richard Spencer, coiner of the term "alt-right" and head of the white supremacist National Policy Institute..."

Gretel Kauffman, "White supremacists convene in celebration of Trump victory", Christian Science Monitor, November 20, 2016. The annual conference of the National Policy Institute, a white supremacist think tank, experienced a rise in attendance this year... 'It’s been an awakening,' Richard Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute, said at the conference."

[2] Wines, Michael; Saul, Stephanie (July 5, 2015). "White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites". The New York Times.

[3] Gelin, Martin (November 13, 2014). "White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right". Slate. Budapest, Hungary.

[4] Chris Welch and Sara Ganim, White Supremacist Richard Spencer: 'We reached tens of millions of people' with video, CNN, December 6, 2016. "Now Spencer, a 38-year-old white supremacist and founder of the so-called alt-right movement, is taking his rhetoric on the road..."

[5] Mangan, Katherine. "A push to 'expand white privilege': Richard B. Spencer president, National Policy Institute, a white-supremacist group." The Chronicle of Higher Education, December 9, 2016, A6+.

[6] Zalman, Jonathan. "Neo-Nazi Website Tells Readers to 'Take Action' Against Jews on Behalf of Richard Spencer's Mother in Montana." Tablet Magazine, December 19, 2016. "Critics of Richard Spencer the white supremacist, alt-right leader who dreams of an "ethno-state"are making their voices heard..."

[7] "Campus clashes as US white supremacist gives speech." London Evening Standard [London, England], 7 Dec. 2016, p. 22. "Hundreds of demonstrators clashed with riot police at a protest against a white supremacist's speech at a leading American university. Richard Spencer, who gained notoriety for holding a so-called "alt-right" meeting celebrating Donald Trump's election triumph with Nazi rhetoric, told students attending the speech at the Texas A&M University last night: 'At the end of the day, America belongs to white men.'"

[8] Gretel Kauffman, "Donald Trump again disavows so-called alt-right supporters", Christian Science Monitor, November 23, 2016. "Richard Spencer, coiner of the term "alt-right" and head of the white supremacist National Policy Institute..."

[9] Gretel Kauffman, "White supremacists convene in celebration of Trump victory", Christian Science Monitor, November 20, 2016. The annual conference of the National Policy Institute, a white supremacist think tank, experienced a rise in attendance this year... 'It’s been an awakening,' Richard Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute, said at the conference."

[2] Maya Oppenheim (January 23, 2017). "Alt-right leader Richard Spencer worries getting punched will become 'meme to end all memes'". The Independent. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2017.

[3] Ehrenfreund, Max (November 21, 2016). "What the alt-right really wants, according to a professor writing a book about them". Washington Post. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2016.

[RollingStone-Alt-RightSpokesman-2016-4] Posner, Sarah (October 18, 2016). "Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise". Rolling Stone. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-16. Diakses tanggal 2017-11-23.

[Atlantic-HailTrump-ConferenceVideo-2016-5] Lombroso, Daniel; Appelbaum, Yoni (November 21, 2016). "'Hail Trump!': White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect" (Includes excerpted video). The Atlantic. Diakses tanggal January 23, 2017.

[TakisMag-AltRight-2008-6] Spencer, Richard (August 6, 2008). "The Conservative Write". Taki's Magazine.

[SPLC-AltRight-Profile-7] "Alternative Right". Southern Poverty Law Center. Diakses tanggal November 22, 2016.

[NewYorker-Alt-RightForReal-2016-8] Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (May 5, 2016). "Is the Alt-Right for Real?". The New Yorker.

[NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-2016-9] Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). "Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'". The New York Times.

[10] Bradner, Eric (November 22, 2016). "Alt-right leader: 'Hail Trump! Hail our people! Hail victory!'". CNN. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.

[11] Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). "Alt-Right Gathering Exults in Trump Election With Nazi-Era Salute". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.

[nbcadl-12] 29.com: "ADL Lists Kessler, Other 'Unite The Right' Speakers as White Supremacists" Diarsipkan 2017-08-29 di Wayback Machine., 25 Jul 2017

[13] Nelson, Libby; Lind, Dara (August 12, 2017). "Charlottesville Unite the Right rally: what's happened so far". Vox. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.

[detroitfreepressmsusuedbyricharspencer-14] Jesse, David (September 3, 2017). "MSU sued by Richard Spencer's white supremacist group for refusing space on campus". Detroit Free Press. Diakses tanggal September 6, 2017.

[:1-15] Hartocollis, Anemona (October 17, 2017). "University of Florida Braces for Richard Spencer". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.

[:2-16] Wamsley, Laurel (October 17, 2017). "Florida's Governor Declares State Of Emergency Ahead Of Richard Spencer Speech". NPR (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal October 20, 2017.

[17] Weigel, David (July 12, 2016). "U.K.'s next leader banned a prominent white nationalist from visiting". Diakses tanggal November 23, 2017 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.

[18] "White nationalist Richard Spencer banned from 26 European nations". November 22, 2017. Diakses tanggal November 23, 2017 – via LA Times.

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Richard B. Spencer

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