Respons lawan-atau-lari

Dog circling in on a cat with an arched back
A dog on hind legs and a cat hissing with an arched back
Seekor anjing dan kucing menunjukkan reaksi lawan (atas) dan lari (bawah)

Respons lawan-atau-lari (juga dikenal sebagai respons stres akut) adalah sebuah reaksi psikologis terhadap peristiwa berbahaya, cedera, atau ancaman bertahan hidup yang dirasakan.[1] Respons ini pertamakali dideskripsikan oleh Walter Bradford Cannon pada 1915.[a][2] Teorinya menyatakan bahwa hewan bereaksi terhadap ancaman dengan pelepasan oleh sistem saraf simpatis, mempersiapkan hewan tersebut untuk lawan atau lari.[3] Lebih spesifiknya, medula adrenal memproduksi reaksi hormonal yang berujung pada sekresi katekolamin, terkhususnya norepinefrindan epinefrin.[4] Hormon estrogen, testosteron dan kortisol, juga neurotransmiter dopamin dan serotonin, juga mempengaruhi bagaimana suatu organisme bereaksi terhadap stres.[5] Hormen osteokalsin barangkali juga memainkan peran.[6][7]

Referensi

  1. ^ Cannon, Walter (1932). Wisdom of the Body. United States: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-00205-8. 
  2. ^ Walter Bradford Cannon (1915). Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. hlm. 211. 
  3. ^ Jansen, A; Nguyen, X; Karpitsky, V; Mettenleiter, M (27 October 1995). "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science Magazine. 5236 (270): 644–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..644J. doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.644. PMID 7570024. 
  4. ^ Walter Bradford Cannon (1915). Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage: An Account of Recent Researches into the Function of Emotional Excitement. Appleton-Century-Crofts. 
  5. ^ "Adrenaline, Cortisol, Norepinephrine: The Three Major Stress Hormones, Explained". Huffington Post. April 19, 2014. Diakses tanggal 16 August 2014. 
  6. ^ Kwon, Diana. "Fight or Flight May Be in Our Bones". Scientific American (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-06-22. 
  7. ^ "Bone, not adrenaline, drives fight or flight response". phys.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-06-22. 


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