Ramesuan

Somdet Phra Ramesuan (bahasa Thai: สมเด็จพระราเมศวร) (1339–1395) adalah raja kedua dan kelima dari kerajaan Ayutthaya.

Ia adalah putra dari raja Ramathibodi I. Saat Raja Ramathibodi naik tahta Ayutthaya, dia mengirim Pangeran Ramesuan untuk memerintah di Lavo. Setelah kematian Raja Ramathibodi pada tahun 1369, Pangeran Ramesuan melakukan perjalanan ke Ayutthaya untuk naik tahta, tetapi hanya memerintah kurang dari setahun sebelum digulingkan oleh pamannya, Raja Borommaracha I, penguasa Suphanburi. Sumber berbeda tentang sifat konflik mereka. Kronik resmi menyatakan bahwa Raja Borommaracha yang lebih tua memerintah dengan persetujuan keponakannya, sementara Sejarah Singkat Thailand dari Jeremias van Vliet menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tahta Raja Borommaracha terjadi setelah konflik berdarah yang berbatasan dengan perang saudara.

Apapun masalahnya, pada tahun 1388 Raja Ramesuan telah mengumpulkan dukungan yang cukup dari basis kekuatannya di Lavo untuk kembali ke Ayutthaya dan menantang putra Raja Borommaracha yang berusia 17 tahun, Raja Thong Lan, untuk merebut tahta. Pasukan Raja Ramesuan dengan cepat merebut istana dan mengeksekusi Raja Thong Lan. Raja Ramesuan kemudian memegang tahta hingga tahun 1395, ketika ia digantikan oleh putranya, Rama (juga dikenal sebagai Raja Ramrachathirat).

Selama pemerintahan kedua Raja Ramesuan, raja tampaknya telah mencapai kesepakatan dengan Kerajaan Sukhothai, yang telah berperang melawan Raja Borommaracha selama masa pemerintahannya. Sebaliknya, beberapa sumber mencatat adanya konflik dengan Kerajaan Lanna (di Thailand utara), dan kerajaan Angkor. Kronik Ayutthaya menunjukkan bahwa Raja Ramesuan merebut Chiang Mai, yang saat itu menjadi ibukota Kerajaan Lan Na, pada tahun 1390 dan menempatkan banyak tawanan di dalam Kerajaan Ayutthaya.

Kekalahan Angkor yang serupa tercatat terjadi pada tahun 1393, sebagai tanggapan atas serangan dari Kerajaan Kamboja. Raja menempatkan putranya di atas takhta tetapi Raja segera dibunuh. Tak satupun dari pembunuhan dan pertempuran ini dibuktikan oleh kronik dari Lan Na atau Angkor.

Kutipan

Wyatt, David K., Thailand: A Short History, New Haven (Yale University), 2003. ISBN 0-300-08475-7

Didahului oleh: Ramathibodi I	Raja Ayutthaya 1369–1370	Diteruskan oleh: Boromma Ratchathirat I
Didahului oleh: Thong Lun	Raja Ayutthaya 1388–1395	Diteruskan oleh: Ramratchathirat

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