Radang otak

Radang otak (bahasa Inggris: encephalitis) adalah peradangan akut otak yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus. Terkadang ensefalitis dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, seperti meningitis, atau komplikasi dari penyakit lain seperti rabies (disebabkan oleh virus) atau sifilis (disebabkan oleh bakteri). Penyakit parasit dan protozoa seperti toksoplasmosis, malaria, atau primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, juga dapat menyebabkan ensefalitis pada orang yang sistem kekebalan tubuhnya kurang. Kerusakan otak terjadi karena otak terdorong terhadap tengkorak dan menyebabkan kematian.

Radang otak seringkali hanya menimbulkan gejala mirip flu ringan, seperti demam atau sakit kepala, atau sama sekali tidak ada gejala. Kadang-kadang, gejala mirip flu yang lebih parah juga bisa terjadi. Selain itu, ensefalitis juga dapat menyebabkan kebingungan, kejang, atau masalah dengan gerakan, penglihatan atau pendengaran.

Dalam beberapa kasus, ensefalitis bisa mengancam jiwa. Oleh karena itu, diagnosis dan pengobatan tepat waktu sangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi berbahaya.

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