RTS,S

Sebuah poster yang mempromosikan uji coba vaksin RTS,S[1]

RTS,S/AS01 (nama dagang Mosquirix) adalah vaksin malaria berbasis protein rekombinan. Pada Oktober 2021, vaksin ini disetujui oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) untuk "digunakan secara luas" pada anak-anak sehingga menjadikannya kandidat vaksin malaria pertama, sekaligus vaksin pertama bagi infeksi parasit, yang menerima rekomendasi ini.[2][3][4]

Vaksin RTS,S dibuat pada akhir dasawarsa 1980-an oleh para ilmuwan yang bekerja di laboratorium SmithKline Beecham Biologicals (sekarang menjadi GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) di Belgia.[5] Vaksin ini dikembangkan lebih lanjut melalui kolaborasi antara GSK dan Institut Penelitian Angkatan Darat Walter Reed,[6] dan sebagian didanai oleh Inisiatif Vaksin Malaria PATH dan Yayasan Bill & Melinda Gates. Efikasinya berkisar antara 26 hingga 50% pada bayi dan anak kecil.

Pada Juli 2015, vaksin RTS,S disetujui penggunaannya oleh regulator Eropa,[7] dan menjadi vaksin malaria berlisensi pertama di dunia sekaligus vaksin pertama yang dilisensikan untuk mengatasi penyakit parasitik pada manusia.[8] Pada 23 Oktober 2015, Kelompok Penasihat Strategis (SAGE) dari WHO dan Komite Penasihat Kebijakan Malaria (MPAC) bersama-sama merekomendasikan implementasi percontohan vaksin ini di Afrika.[9] Proyek percontohan vaksinasi ini diluncurkan pada 23 April 2019 di Malawi, pada 30 April 2019 di Ghana, dan pada 13 September 2019 di Kenya.[10][11]

Referensi

  1. ^ "RTS,S Malaria Vaccine: 2019 Partnership Award Honoree". YouTube. Global Health Technologies Coalition. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2021. 
  2. ^ Davies, Lizzy (6 October 2021). "WHO endorses use of world's first malaria vaccine in Africa". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2021. 
  3. ^ Drysdale, Carla; Kelleher, Kristen. "WHO recommends groundbreaking malaria vaccine for children at risk" (Siaran pers). Geneva: World Health Organization. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2021. 
  4. ^ Mandavilli, Apoorva (6 October 2021). "A 'Historical Event': First Malaria Vaccine Approved by W.H.O." New York Times. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2021. 
  5. ^ "HYBRID PROTEIN BETWEEN CS FROM PLASMODIUM AND HBsAG". 
  6. ^ Heppner, D. Gray Jr.; Kester, Kent E.; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Tornieporth, Nadia; et al. (2005). "Towards an RTS,S-based, multi-stage, multi-antigen vaccine against falciparum malaria: progress at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research". Vaccine. 23 (17–18): 2243–50. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.142. PMID 15755604. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 July 2018 – via the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. 
  7. ^ "Mosquirix H-W-2300". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Diakses tanggal 4 March 2021. 
  8. ^ Walsh, Fergus (24 July 2015). "Malaria vaccine gets 'green light'". BBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 July 2020. Diakses tanggal 25 July 2015. 
  9. ^ Stewart, Saira (23 October 2015). "Pilot implementation of first malaria vaccine recommended by WHO advisory groups" (Siaran pers). Geneva: World Health Organization. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 September 2021. 
  10. ^ Alonso, Pedro (19 June 2019). "Letter to partners – June 2019" (Siaran pers). Wuxi: World Health Organization. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2019. 
  11. ^ "Malaria vaccine launched in Kenya: Kenya joins Ghana and Malawi to roll out landmark vaccine in pilot introduction" (Siaran pers). Homa Bay: World Health Organization. 13 September 2019. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2019. 

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