Propionitril

Propionitril
Rumus kerangka propananitril
Rumus kerangka propananitril
Rumus kerangka propananitril dengan menampilkan seluruh hidrogen eksplisit
Rumus kerangka propananitril dengan menampilkan seluruh hidrogen eksplisit
Model bola dan batang propananitril
Nama
Nama IUPAC
Propananitril[5]
Nama lain
Penanda
Model 3D (JSmol)
3DMet {{{3DMet}}}
Referensi Beilstein 773680
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
Nomor EC
MeSH propionitrile
Nomor RTECS {{{value}}}
UNII
Nomor UN 2404
  • InChI=1S/C3H5N/c1-2-3-4/h2H2,1H3 YaY
    Key: FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N YaY
  • CCC#N
Sifat
C3H5N
Massa molar 55,08 g·mol−1
Penampilan Cairan tak berwarna
Bau agak manis, sedap, sangat halus[6]
Densitas 772 mg mL−1
Titik lebur 173 sampai 187 K
Titik didih 369 sampai 371 K
11,9% (20 °C)[6]
log P 0,176
Tekanan uap 270 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
-38,5·10−6 cm3/mol
Indeks bias (nD) 1,366
Termokimia
Kapasitas kalor (C) 105,3 J K−1 mol−1
Entropi molar standar (So) 189,33 J K−1 mol−1
Entalpi pembentukan standarfHo) 15,5 kJ mol−1
Entalpi
pembakaran
standar
ΔcHo298
−1,94884 – −1,94776 MJ mol−1
Bahaya
Piktogram GHS GHS02: Mudah terbakar GHS06: Beracun
Keterangan bahaya GHS {{{value}}}
H225, H300, H310, H319, H332
P210, P264, P280, P301+310, P302+350, P305+351+338
Titik nyala 6 °C (43 °F; 279 K)
Ambang ledakan 3,1%-?[6]
Dosis atau konsentrasi letal (LD, LC):
39 mg kg−1 (oral, mencit)
Batas imbas kesehatan AS (NIOSH):
PEL (yang diperbolehkan)
none[6]
REL (yang direkomendasikan)
TWA 6 ppm (14 mg/m3)[6]
IDLH (langsung berbahaya)
N.D.[6]
Senyawa terkait
Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada suhu dan tekanan standar (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verifikasi (apa ini YaYN ?)
Referensi

Propionitril, juga dikenal sebagai etil sianida dan propananitril, adalah suatu senyawa organik dengan rumus CH. Ini merupakan nitril alifatik sederhana. Senyawa ini cairan tak berwarna dan dapat larut dalam air. Propionitril digunakan sebagai pelarut dan prekursor terhadap senyawa organik lainnya.[7]

Produksi

Proses industri utama untuk menghasilkan nitril ini adalah hidrogenasi akrilonitril. Ini juga dapat diperoleh melalui amoksidasi propanol (meskipun propionaldehida dapat juga digunakan:[7]

CH + O + NH → CH + 3 H

Propionitril merupakan produk samping proses elektrodimerisasi akrilonitril menjadi adiponitril.

Dalam skala laboratorium, propananitril dapat juga dihasilkan melalui dehidrasi propionamida, melalui reduksi katalitik akrilonitril, atau dengan mendistilasi etil sulfat dan kalium sianida.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b "Propionitrile". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. USA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4 April 2011. Identification. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2013. 
  2. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7839
  3. ^ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 52nd Ed., p. D-153
  4. ^ HSDB: Propionitrile, TOXNET, U.S. National Library of Medicine, retrieved 30 Oct 2015
  5. ^ "propionitrile - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2012. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0530". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 
  7. ^ a b Peter Pollak, Gérard Romeder, Ferdinand Hagedorn, Heinz-Peter Gelbke "Nitriles" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_363

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