Program Mariner

Peluncuran Mariner 1 tahun 1962

Program Mariner adalah program yang dilancarkan oleh NASA dan Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)[1] yang mengirim serangkaian wahana antarplanet untuk menyelidik Mars, Venus, dan Merkurius[2] dari tahun 1962 hingga 1973. Program ini merupakan yang pertama dalam berbagai hal, seperti yang pertama melakukan flyby planet, citra pertama dari planet lain, pengorbit planet pertama, dan manuver bantuan gravitasi pertama.

Dari sepuluh wahana dalam program mariner, tujuh berhasil menjalankan misinya sementara tiga gagal.[3] Mariner 11 dan Mariner 12 diubah menjadi Voyager 1 dan Voyager 2 dalam program Voyager,[4] sementara Viking 1 dan Viking 2 merupakan versi Mariner 9 yang diperbesar. Wahana berbasis Mariner lain juga diluncurkan setelah Voyager, yaitu wahana Magellan di Venus dan Galileo di Yupiter. Wahana Mariner generasi kedua, yaitu Mariner Mark II, dikembangkan menjadi Cassini–Huygens yang mengorbit Saturnus.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Mariner-Venus 1962 Final Project Report" (PDF). NASA Technical Reports Server. Diakses tanggal December 29, 2011. 
  2. ^ "Mariner Program". JPL Mission and Spacecraft Library. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-15. Diakses tanggal December 28, 2011. 
  3. ^ "Mariner Missions". NASA Science. Diakses tanggal December 28, 2011. 
  4. ^ Chapter 11 "Voyager: The Grand Tour of Big Science" (sec. 268.), by Andrew,J. Butrica, found in From Engineering Science To Big Science ISBN 978-0-16-049640-0 edited by Pamela E. Mack, NASA, 1998


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