Pola molekuler terkait patogen

Molekul-molekul ini dapat disebut sebagai motif molekul kecil yang lestari dalam kelas mikrob. Mereka dikenali oleh reseptor toll-like (TLR) dan reseptor pengenal pola lainnya (PRR) pada tumbuhan dan hewan. Sejumlah besar jenis molekul yang berbeda dapat berfungsi sebagai PAMP, termasuk glikan dan glikokonjugat.[1]

PAMP mengaktifkan respons imun bawaan, melindungi inang dari infeksi, dengan mengidentifikasi beberapa molekul nonself yang dilestarikan. Bakterial lipopolisakarida (LPS), suatu endotoksin yang ditemukan pada membran sel bakteri gram negatif,[2] dianggap sebagai kelas prototipe PAMP. LPS secara khusus dikenali oleh TLR4, sebuah reseptor pengenalan sistem imun bawaan. PAMP lainnya termasuk bakteri flagellin (dikenali oleh TLR5 ), asam lipoteikoat dari bakteri gram positif (dikenali oleh TLR2),[3] peptidoglikan (dikenali oleh TLR2),[3] dan asam nukleat varian biasanya terkait dengan virus, seperti unting ganda RNA (dsRNA), dikenali oleh TLR3 atau motif CpG yang tidak termetilasi, dikenali oleh TLR9.[4] Meskipun istilah "PAMP" relatif baru, konsep bahwa molekul yang berasal dari mikrob harus dideteksi oleh reseptor dari organisme multisel telah ada selama beberapa dekade, dan referensi ke "reseptor endotoksin" ditemukan dalam banyak literatur yang lebih tua.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Glycans in the immune system and The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity: a critical review". Journal of Autoimmunity. 57 (6): 1–13. February 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.12.002. PMC 4340844 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 25578468. 
  2. ^ "The bacterial cell envelope". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2 (5): a000414. May 2010. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000414. PMC 2857177 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 20452953. 
  3. ^ a b "Toll like receptor 2 agonists lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan are able to enhance antigen specific IFNγ release in whole blood during recall antigen responses". Journal of Immunological Methods. 396 (1-2): 107–15. October 2013. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2013.08.004. PMID 23954282. 
  4. ^ "Sweeten PAMPs: Role of Sugar Complexed PAMPs in Innate Immunity and Vaccine Biology". Frontiers in Immunology. 4: 248. September 2013. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00248. PMC 3759294 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 24032031. 

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