Plastid

Sel-sel lamina lumut Plagiomnium affine yang menunjukkan sekumpulan kloroplas, plastid berwarna hijau.

Plastid adalah salah satu organel pada sel-sel (tumbuhan dan alga). Organel ini paling dikenal dalam bentuknya yang paling umum, kloroplas, sebagai tempat berlangsungnya fotosintesis.organ plastida merupakan organ yang hanya dimiliki tumbuhan saja. Plastid merupakan organel[1] dengan dua membran (membran ganda), sehingga ada membran luar dan membran dalam.

Plastid dalam sel dikenal dalam berbagai bentuk, yaitu

  • proplastid, bentuk belum "dewasa" atau bentuk plastid yang belum membentuk pigmen
  • leukoplas, bentuk dewasa tanpa mengandung pigmen, ditemukan terutama di akar
  • kloroplas, bentuk aktif yang mengandung pigmen klorofil, ditemukan pada daun, bunga, dan bagian-bagian berwarna hijau lainnya
  • kromoplas, bentuk aktif yang mengandung pigmen karotena, ditemukan terutama pada bunga dan bagian lain berwarna jingga
  • amiloplas, bentuk semi-aktif yang mengandung butir-butir tepung, ditemukan pada bagian tumbuhan yang menyimpan cadangan energi dalam bentuk tepung[2], seperti akar, rimpang, dan batang (umbi) serta biji.
  • elaioplas, bentuk semi-aktif yang mengandung tetes-tetes minyak/lemak pada beberapa jaringan penyimpan minyak, seperti endospermium (pada biji)
  • etioplas, bentuk semi-aktif yang merupakan bentuk adaptasi kloroplas terhadap lingkungan kurang cahaya; etioplas dapat segera aktif dengan membentuk klorofil hanya dalam beberapa jam, begitu mendapat cukup pencahayaan.[3]

Plastid adalah organel vital pada suatu tumbuhan. Fungsinya adalah sebagai tempat fotosintesis, sintesis asam-asam lemak, serta beberapa fungsi sehari-hari sel.

Secara evolusi plastid dianggap sebagai prokariota yang bersimbiosis ke dalam sel eukariota dan kemudian kehilangan sifat otonomi penuhnya. Teori endosimbiosis ini mirip dengan yang terjadi terhadap mitokondria namun introduksi plastid dianggap terjadi lebih kemudian.

Tautan Referensi

  1. ^ (Indonesia)Plastid - slideshare.net
  2. ^ Parker, Sybil, P (1984). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology. McGraw-Hill Company. 
  3. ^ (Inggris)Plastids - byjus.com

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