Planet pengembara

Ilustrasi planet pengembara CFBDSIR J214947.2-040308.9.

Planet pengembara (dalam bahasa Inggris: rogue planet), yang juga disebut sebagai planet mengambang bebas (free-floating planet/FFP) atau objek bermassa planet terisolasi (isolated planetary-mass object/IPMO), adalah objek antarbintang bermassa planet yang tidak terikat secara gravitasi pada bintang atau katai cokelat manapun.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Planet-planet pengembara bisa jadi berasal dari sistem keplanetan tempat planet-planet tersebut terbentuk dan kemudian dilontarkan, atau bisa juga terbentuk dengan sendirinya di luar sistem keplanetan. Bima Sakti sendiri mungkin memiliki milyaran hingga triliunan planet pengembara, sebuah rentang yang mungkin bisa dipersempit oleh Teleskop Antariksa Nancy Grace Roman yang akan datang.^[5]^[6]

Beberapa planet pengembara mungkin terbentuk dengan cara yang sama seperti bintang, dan Persatuan Astronomi Internasional mengusulkan agar objek semacam itu disebut "katai sub-cokelat".^[7] Contohnya adalah Cha 110913-773444, yang mungkin terlempar dari sistem keplanetannya dan menjadi planet pengembara, atau terbentuk sendirian dan menjadi katai sub-cokelat.^[8]

Pada Desember 2013, diumumkan kemungkinan penemuan sebuah bulan luar surya yang mengelilingi sebuah planet pengembara.^[9]

Retensi panas di ruang antar bintang

Planet pengembara menghasilkan sedikit panas dan tidak dipanaskan oleh sebuah bintang.^[10] Pada tahun 1998, David J. Stevenson menduga bahwa beberapa objek seukuran planet di ruang antar bintang mungkin memiliki atmosfer tebal yang membuat permukaannya tidak beku.^[11]

Planet-planet pengembara yang telah ditemukan

Eksoplanet	Massa (`M`_J)	Usia (miliar Tahun)	Jarak (tahun cahaya)	Catatan	Penemuan
OTS 44	~11.5	0.5–3	554	Katai coklat bermassa rendah	1998
S Ori 52	2–8	1–5	1,150	Usia dipertanyakan	2000^[12]
Cha 110913-773444	5–15	~2	529	Kandidat	2004^[13]
SIMP J013656.5+093347	11-13	~200	20-22	Kandidat	2006^[14]^[15]
UGPS J072227.51−054031.2	5–40		13	Massa Tidak Pasti	2010
[MPK2010b] 4450	2–3		325	Kandidat	2010^[16]
CFBDSIR 2149−0403	4–7	110–130	117–143	Kandidat	2012^[17]
MOA-2011-BLG-262	~4			Kemungkinan katai merah	2013
PSO J318.5-22	5.5–8	21–27	80	Dikonfirmasi	2013^[18]
2MASS J2208+2921	11–13	21–27	115	Kandidat	2014^[19]
WISE J1741-4642	4–21	23–130		Kandidat	2014^[20]
WISE 0855−0714	3–10		7.1	Kemungkinan katai coklat	2014^[21]
2MASS J12074836–3900043	11–13	7–13	200	Kandidat	2014^[22]
SIMP J2154–1055	9–11	30–50	63	Usia dipertanyakan	2014^[23]
SDSS J111010.01+011613.1	10–12	110–130	63	Konfirmasi	2015^[24]
2MASS J1119–1137	4–8	7–13	94	Kandidat	2016^[25]
WISEA 1147	5–13	7–13	94	Kandidat	2016^[26]
OGLE-2012-BLG-1323	0.007245–0.07245			Kandidat	2017^[27]^[28]^[29]
OGLE-2017-BLG-0560	1.9–20			Kandidat	2017^[27]^[28]^[29]

Referensi

^ published, Seth Shostak (2005-02-24). "Orphan Planets: It's a Hard Knock Life". Space.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-06-21.
^ "SPACE.com -- Free-Floating Planets -- British Team Restakes Dubious Claim". web.archive.org. 2008-10-13. Diakses tanggal 2024-06-21.
^ "NASA - Astrobiology - Latest News". web.archive.org. 2009-03-22. Diakses tanggal 2024-06-21.
^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L. (2021-02-23). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. ISSN 0067-0049.
^ "A Guide to Lonely Planets in the Galaxy – Phenomena: No Place Like Home". web.archive.org. 2014-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2024-06-21.
^ Balzer, Ashley; Center, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight (2020-08-23). ""Our Solar System May Be Unusual": Rogue Planets Unveiled With NASA's Roman Space Telescope". SciTechDaily (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-06-21.
^ Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" Position Statement on the Definition of a "Planet" (IAU) Error in webarchive template: Check |url= value. Empty.
^ Rogue planet find makes astronomers ponder theory
^ Bennett, D.P.; Batista, V.; et al. (13 December 2013). "A Sub-Earth-Mass Moon Orbiting a Gas Giant Primary or a High Velocity Planetary System in the Galactic Bulge". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (2): 155. arXiv:1312.3951 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...785..155B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/155.
^ Sean Raymond (9 April 2005). "Life in the dark" (dalam bahasa English). Aeon. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2016.
^ Stevenson, David J.; Stevens, C. F. (1999). "Life-sustaining planets in interstellar space?". Nature. 400 (6739): 32. Bibcode:1999Natur.400...32S. doi:10.1038/21811. PMID 10403246.
^ Zapatero Osorio, M. R. (6 October 2000). "Discovery of Young, Isolated Planetary Mass Objects in the σ Orionis Star Cluster". Science. 290 (5489): 103. Bibcode:2000Sci...290..103Z. doi:10.1126/science.290.5489.103.
^ Luhman, Kevin L. (10 December 2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 635 (1): L93–L96. arXiv:astro-ph/0511807 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..93L. doi:10.1086/498868.
^ Artigau, Étienne; Doyon, René; Lafrenière, David; Nadeau, Daniel; Robert, Jasmin; Albert, Loïc (n.d.). "Discovery of the Brightest T Dwarf in the Northern Hemisphere". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 651 (1): L57. arXiv:astro-ph/0609419 . doi:10.1086/509146. ISSN 1538-4357.
^ Gagné, Jonathan; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Artigau, Étienne; Bouchard, Sandie; Albert, Loïc; Lafrenière, David; Doyon, René; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella C. (15 May 2017). "SIMP J013656.5+093347 is Likely a Planetary-Mass Object in the Carina-Near Moving Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 841 (1): L1. arXiv:1705.01625 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa70e2. ISSN 2041-8213.
^ Marsh, Kenneth A. (1 February 2010). "A Young Planetary-Mass Object in the ρ Oph Cloud Core". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 709 (2): L158–L162. arXiv:0912.3774 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...709L.158M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L158.
^ Delorme, Philippe (25 September 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4-7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548A: 26. arXiv:1210.0305 . Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984.
^ Liu, Michael C. (10 November 2013). "The Extremely Red, Young L Dwarf PSO J318.5338-22.8603: A Free-floating Planetary-mass Analog to Directly Imaged Young Gas-giant Planets". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 777 (1): L20. arXiv:1310.0457 . Bibcode:2013ApJ...777L..20L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/777/2/L20.
^ Gagné, Jonathan (10 March 2014). "BANYAN. II. Very Low Mass and Substellar Candidate Members to Nearby, Young Kinematic Groups with Previously Known Signs of Youth". Astrophysical Journal. 783 (2): 121. arXiv:1312.5864 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...783..121G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/121.
^ Schneider, Adam C. (9 January 2014). "Discovery of the Young L Dwarf WISE J174102.78-464225.5". Astronomical Journal. 147 (2): 34. arXiv:1311.5941 . Bibcode:2014AJ....147...34S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/2/34.
^ Luhman, Kevin L. (10 May 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18.
^ Gagné, Jonathan (10 April 2014). "The Coolest Isolated Brown Dwarf Candidate Member of TWA". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 785 (1): L14. arXiv:1403.3120 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...785L..14G. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/785/1/L14.
^ Gagné, Jonathan (1 September 2014). "SIMP J2154-1055: A New Low-gravity L4β Brown Dwarf Candidate Member of the Argus Association". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 792 (1): L17. arXiv:1407.5344 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...792L..17G. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L17.
^ Gagné, Jonathan (20 July 2015). "SDSS J111010.01+011613.1: A New Planetary-mass T Dwarf Member of the AB Doradus Moving Group". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 808 (1): L20. arXiv:1506.04195 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...808L..20G. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/L20.
^ Kellogg, Kendra (11 April 2016). "The Nearest Isolated Member of the TW Hydrae Association is a Giant Planet Analog". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 821 (1): L15. arXiv:1603.08529 . Bibcode:2016ApJ...821L..15K. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/821/1/L15.
^ Schneider, Adam C. (21 April 2016). "WISEA J114724.10-204021.3: A Free-floating Planetary Mass Member of the TW Hya Association". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 822 (1): L1. arXiv:1603.07985 . Bibcode:2016ApJ...822L...1S. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/822/1/L1.
^ ^a ^b Becky Ferreira (9 Nov 2018). "Rare Sighting of Two Rogue Planets That Do Not Orbit Stars" (dalam bahasa English). Motherboard. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2019.
^ ^a ^b Jake Parks (16 November 2018). "These Two New 'Rogue Planets' Wander the Cosmos Without Stars" (dalam bahasa English). Discover Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-16. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2019.
^ ^a ^b Jake Parks (15 November 2018). "Two free-range planets found roaming the Milky Way in solitude" (dalam bahasa English). Astronomy Magazine. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2019.