Pertukaran ion

Pertukaran ion dapat berlangsung antara dua elektrolit atau antara suatu larutan elektrolit dengan sebuah kompleks. Biasanya istilah ini mengacu kepada proses pemurnian, pemisahan, dan dekontaminasi larutan dengan "penukar ion" padat yang bersifat polimerik at au mineralik.

Benda yang biasanya digunakan untuk melakukan pertukaran ion adalah resin penukar ion, zeolit, montmorilonit, tanah liat, dan humus tanah. Penukar ion dapat menjadi penukar kation yang melakukan pertukaran ion positif atau penukar anion yang melakukan pertukaran ion negatif. Terdapat pula penukar amfoter yang dapat menukar kation dan anion secara bersamaan.

Contoh ion-ion yang dapat terikat dengan penukar ion adalah:

H⁺ (proton) dan OH⁻ (hidroksida).
Ion monoatomik bermuatan tunggal seperti Na⁺, K⁺, dan Cl⁻.
Ion monoatomik bermuatan ganda seperti Ca²⁺ dan Mg²⁺.
Ion anorganik poliatomik seperti SO₄²⁻ dan PO₄³⁻.
Basa organik, contohnya −NR₂H⁺.
Asam organik, sering kali molekul yang mengandung −COO⁻
Biomolekul yang dapat terionisasi: asam amino, peptida, protein, dll

Pertukaran ion merupakan reaksi dua arah dan penukar ion dapat "diregenerasi" atau "dimuat" dengan ion yang diinginkan dengan cara membasuhnya dengan kelebihan ion tersebut.

Referensi

Betz Laboratories (1976). Handbook of Industrial Water Conditioning (7th Edition). Betz Laboratories.
Ion Exchangers (K. Dorfner, ed.), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1991.
C. E. Harland, Ion exchange: Theory and Practice, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1994.
Friedrich G. Helfferich (1962). Ion Exchange. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-68784-1.
Kemmer, Frank N. (1979). The NALCO Water Handbook. McGraw-Hill.
Ion exchange (D. Muraviev, V. Gorshkov, A. Warshawsky), M. Dekker, New York, 2000.
A. A. Zagorodni, Ion Exchange Materials: Properties and Applications Diarsipkan 2007-10-24 di Wayback Machine., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006.

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