Perang Suksesi Polandia

Perang Suksesi Polandia

Pengepungan Danzig oleh pasukan Rusia-Sachsen pada tahun 1734
Tanggal10 Oktober 1733 – 3 Oktober 1735
(1 tahun, 11 bulan, 3 minggu dan 2 hari)
LokasiPolandia, Rheinland, Italia
Hasil

Perjanjian Wina

  • Augustus III naik tahta
  • Wangsa Bourbon memperoleh wilayah
Pihak terlibat

Polandia Stanisław I
 Prancis
Spanyol Spanyol
 Kerajaan Sardinia

 Kadipaten Parma

Polandia Augustus III
 Kekaisaran Rusia
 Kekaisaran Romawi Suci

Tokoh dan pemimpin
Kadipaten Parma Spanyol Adipati Parma
Kerajaan Prancis Adipati Fitz-James  
Kerajaan Prancis Adipati Villars
Kerajaan Sardinia Raja Carlo Emmanuel III
Kekaisaran Rusia Peter Lacy
Kekaisaran Rusia Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
Monarki Habsburg Eugene dari Savoia
Monarki Habsburg Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff
Korban
50.400 pasukan Prancis tewas atau terluka
3.000 pasukan Spanyol tewas atau terluka
7.200 pasukan Sardinia tewas atau terluka[1]
3.000 tentara Rusia tewas atau terluka
32.000 tentara Austria tewas atau terluka
1.800 tentara Prusia tewas atau terluka<ref name="necrometrics">

Perang Suksesi Polandia (1733–35) adalah perang besar di Eropa yang dipicu oleh perang saudara di Polandia sehubungan dengan suksesi Raja Augustus II dari Polandia. Negara-negara Eropa lain turut serta demi kepentingan mereka sendiri. Prancis dan Spanyol yang dikuasai oleh Wangsa Bourbon mencoba melemahkan kekuatan Wangsa Habsburg Austria di Eropa Barat, sementara Austria, Prusia, Elektorat Sachsen dan Kekaisaran Rusia memberikan dukungan kepada Augustus III.

Walaupun perang ini disebut "Perang Suksesi Polandia", sebagian besar pertempuran terjadi di luar wilayah Polandia. Wangsa Bourbon yang didukung oleh Raja Carlo Emmanuel III dari Sardinia mencoba mengisolasi wilayah-wilayah Habsburg di Eropa Barat. Di Rheinland, Prancis berhasil menduduki Kadipaten Lorraine, sementara di Italia Spanyol merebut kembali Kerajaan Napoli dan Sisilia (yang lepas selama Perang Suksesi Spanyol). Namun, mereka kurang berhasil di Italia utara walaupun pertempuran-pertempuran yang berdarah telah berlangsung di tempat tersebut. Sementara itu, keengganan Britania Raya untuk mendukung Austria Habsburg merusak Persekutuan Britania Raya-Austria dan mungkin menjadi salah satu faktor kegagalan militer Austria.

Perdamaian diberlakukan pada tahun 1735, tetapi perang baru diakhiri secara resmi oleh Perjanjian Wina (1738). Berdasarkan perjanjian tersebut, Augustus III diakui sebagai Raja Polandia yang sah, sementara lawannya, Stanisław I, dijadikan Adipati Lorraine. Adipati Lorraine Franz Stefan, memperoleh wilayah Keharyapatihan Toscana sebagai ganti atas penyerahan Lorraine. Kadipaten Parma menjadi wilayah Habsburg, sementara Carlo dari Parma menjadi Raja Napoli dan Sisilia. Polandia juga mencabut klaimnya atas wilayah Livonia dan tidak lagi mengendalikan Kadipaten Kurlandia dan Semigallia secara langsung. Walaupun Kurlandia dan Semigallia masih menjadi vasal Polandia, wilayah ini berada di bawah pengaruh Rusia.

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