Perang Kemerdekaan Turki

Perang Pemusnahan
Bagian dari periode antarperang
Tanggal19 Mei 1919 – 29 Oktober 1923
LokasiAnatolia, Mesopotamia Utara dan Thrace
Hasil

Kemenangan Turki

Pihak terlibat

Gerakan Nasional Turki


RSFS Rusia
Italia[1][2][3]

 Inggris
Yunani
 Prancis
Armenia


Kekaisaran Ottoman


Georgia
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
İsmet İnönü
Kazım Karabekir
Ali Fuat Cebesoy
Fevzi Çakmak
Britania Raya George Milne
Anastasios Papoulas
Georgios Hatzianestis
Prancis Henri Gouraud
Drastamat Kanayan
Movses Silikyan
Süleyman Şefik Pasya

Perang Kemerdekaan Turki[4][5][6] (bahasa Turki: Kurtuluş Savaşı atau İstiklâl Harbi) adalah peristiwa militer dan politik setelah ditaklukannya Kekaisaran Ottoman dan Blok Sentral Perang Dunia I dan pendudukan Sekutu terhadap teritori Kekaisaran Ottoman. Perlawanan terhadap sekutu dilakukan oleh Gerakan Nasional Turki yang berpusat di Anatolia. Gerakan ini berakhir dengan didirikannya Republik Turki.

Setelah Gencatan Senjata Mudros (30 Oktober 1918), pendudukan Istanbul (13 November 1918) pemerintahan Ottoman di Istanbul berada di bawah kekuasaan Sekutu yang dipimpin oleh Inggris. Bagian selatan dan timur Ottoman di Anatolia direbut. Pasukan Yunani merebut İzmir (21 Mei 1919) dan menduduki Anatolia Barat. Deklarasi Konferensi Perdamaian Paris 1919 (21 Januari 1920) diikuti dengan Perjanjian Sèvres (Agustus 1920) yang menyerahkan seluruh teritori Ottoman di Balkan dan Semenanjung Arab kepada Sekutu. Usaha pergerakan nasionalis di Anatolia tengah mencapai puncak dengan pembentukan Dewan Nasional Turki di Ankara. Turki berhasil memobilisasikan sumbernya di bawah kepemimpinan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, memukul mundur tentara pendudukan Yunani, Inggris, Prancis dan Italia dan menggagalkan Perjanjian Sèvres. Hasil ini diakui melalui Perjanjian Lausanne pada Juli 1923, meninggalkan Anatolia dan Thrace Timur untuk membentuk negaranya sendiri. Republik Turki dideklarasikan pada Oktober 1923, dengan Ankara sebagai ibu kotanya.

Referensi

  1. ^ The Place of the Turkish Independence War in the American Press (1918-1923) by Bülent Bilmez: "...the occupation of western Turkey by the Greek armies under the control of the Allied Powers, the discord among them was evident and publicly known. As the Italians were against this occupation from the beginning, and started "secretly" helping the Kemalists, this conflict among the Allied Powers, and the Italian support for the Kemalists were reported regularly by the American press."
  2. ^ Mütareke Döneminde Mustafa Kemal Paşa-Kont Sforza Görüşmesi, Mevlüt Çelebi Diarsipkan 2018-12-22 di Wayback Machine. (Turki)
  3. ^ Mustafa Kemal Paşa – Kont Sforza ve İtalya İlişkisi (Turki)
  4. ^ "Turkey, Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish War of Independence, 1919–23". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-29. 
  5. ^ "Turkish War of Independence". Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2007. 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-05-15. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-29. 
  6. ^ "Turkey, Section: Occupation and War of Independence". History.com Encyclopedia. 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-29. 

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