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Perang Inggris-Maratha Ketiga

Perang Inggris-Maratha Ketiga
Bagian dari Peperangan Inggris-Maratha
TanggalNovember 1817 – Februari 1818
LokasiMaharashtra dan wilayah sekitarnya
Hasil Kemenangan besar Britania
Berakhirnya Kemaharajaan Maratha
Pihak terlibat

Kemaharajaan Maratha

Britania Raya Imperium Britania

Tokoh dan pemimpin
  • Bapu Gokhale (Jenderal Peshwa Baji Rao II)
  • Appa Saheb Bhonsle
  • Malharrao Holkar III
  • Francis Rawdon-Hastings
  • John Malcolm
  • Thomas Hislop
  • Kekuatan
    Lebih dari 10.000 Lebih dari 1.000

    Perang Inggris-Maratha Ketiga (1817–1818) adalah konflik terakhir yang berlangsung antara East India Company (EIC) melawan Kemaharajaan Maratha di India. Perang ini dimulai setelah pasukan EIC melancarkan serangan ke wilayah Maratha.[1] Pasukan EIC dipimpin oleh Gubernur Jenderal Francis Rawdon-Hastings yang didukung oleh pasukan yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Thomas Hislop. Mereka memulai operasi melawan kelompok Pindari, yaitu kelompok Muslim dan Maratha dari India tengah.[note 1] Pasukan Peshwa Baji Rao II yang didukung oleh Mudhoji II Bhonsle dari Nagpur dan Malharrao Holkar III dari Indore lalu memberontak melawan EIC. Namun, berkat diplomasi dan tekanan dari EIC, pemimpin Maratha keempat Daulatrao Shinde dari Gwalior memutuskan untuk tetap netral, walaupun ia kehilangan kendali atas wilayah Rajasthan.

    Britania berhasil memenangkan perang ini dengan cepat dan membubarkan Kemaharajaan Maratha. Pasukan Peshwa berhasil dikalahkan di Khadki dan Koregaon. Terjadi pula beberapa pertempuran kecil yang dikobarkan oleh pasukan Peshwa agar sang Peshwa tidak ditangkap oleh Britania.[3] Namun, Peshwa pada akhirnya ditawan dan wilayah-wilayahnya diambilalih oleh Kepresidenan Bombay. Maharaja Satara kembali menjadi penguasa wilayahnya dan Negara Satara menjadi wilayah kerajaan Britania, walaupun pada tahun 1848 wilayahnya juga diambilalih oleh Kepresidenan Bombay. Sementara itu, pasukan Bhonsle berhasil dikalahkan dalam Pertempuran Sitabuldi dan Holkar dikalahkan dalam Pertempuran Mahidpur. Bagian utara wilayah Bhonsle dan wilayah-wilayah Peshwa di Bundelkhand diambilalih oleh Britania dan menjadi Teritori Saugor dan Nerbudda. Selain itu, wilayah Nagpur, Indore dan Gwalior menjadi wilayah kerajaan yang dikendalikan oleh Britania.

    Catatan

    1. ^ "Thus, many Pindaris were originally Muslim or Maratha cavalrymen who were disbanded or found Pindari life better than formal military service... Most Pindaris professed to be Muslims, but some could not even repeat the kalima or Muslim creed nor knew the name of the prophet."[2]

    Catatan kaki

    1. ^ Bakshi & Ralhan 2007, hlm. 261.
    2. ^ McEldowney 1966, hlm. 18.
    3. ^ Naravane, M.S. (2014). Battles of the Honorourable East India Company. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. hlm. 79–86. ISBN 9788131300343. 

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