Perahu

Perahu-perahu nelayan di Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah.

Perahu adalah kendaraan air yang biasanya lebih kecil dari kapal laut. Beberapa perahu biasanya dibawa oleh kapal laut. Akan tetapi kata perahu ini sebenarnya mengalami penyempitan makna, karena setidaknya sampai abad ke-17, perahu merujuk kepada kapal besar (lihat K'un-lun po/perahu Kunlun), bahkan galleon Barat pun dulunya dikategorikan sebagai perahu, sampai digantikan oleh kata "kapal" pada bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Melayu modern, yang sejatinya berasal dari rumpun bahasa Dravida "kappal".[1] Kata ini mulai muncul pada literatur Tamil sebagai kata கப்பல் (kappal) setelah abad ke-17.[2] "Kapal" dulunya digunakan untuk merujuk pada kendaraan air dari pesisir Koromandel (pantai Timur India), dari bahasa Telugu atau Telinga, yang memiliki sistem layar persegi (square-rigged vessel).[3]:66, 379 Kendaraan yang disebut "perahu" pada masa modern, dulu disebut sebagai sampan (berasal dari kata China 舢舨).[4]

Sebuah perahu biasanya terdiri dari satu atau lebih struktur yang mengapung disebut lambung kapal dan beberapa sistem pendorong seperti baling-baling, dayung, pedal, tiang layar, layar, roda pendayung atau sebuah jet air.

Jenis perahu

Sampan nelayan di utara Pulau Jawa, Indonesia
Nelayan mencari ikan dengan perahu cadik berlayar
nelayan di danau Burullus mesir
Perahu layar (perahu balap) dan tongkang berbagi Sungai Mississippi

Lihat pula

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Boat.

Referensi

  1. ^ T. Burrow and M.B. Emeneau. 1984. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Oxford. nos 1219, 3838, 4120.
  2. ^ Tamil Lexicon. Madras. 1982. 7 vols, s.v. vankam.
  3. ^ Crawfurd, John (1856). A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries. Bradbury and Evans. 
  4. ^ Rafiek, M. (Desember 2011). Kapal dan Perahu dalam Hikayat Raja Banjar: Kajian Semantik. Borneo Research Journal. 5: 187-200.

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