Pengadilan Warren

Ketua Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat Earl Warren.

Pengadilan Warren adalah periode dalam sejarah Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat ketika Earl Warren menjabat sebagai Ketua Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Warren menggantikan Fred M. Vinson sebagai ketua pada tahun 1953 setelah Vinson tutup usia, dan Warren tetap menjabat hingga ia pensiun pada tahun 1969. Ia kemudian digantikan oleh Warren Burger.

Pengadilan Warren dianggap sebagai pengadilan yang mayoritas hakimnya menganut paham liberal. Dalam sejarahnya, mereka telah mengeluarkan putusan-putusan yang memperkuat hak-hak sipil, kebebasan sipil, wewenang kehakiman, dan wewenang federal.[1] Pakar hukum tata negara Amerika Serikat meyakini bahwa Pengadilan Warren telah memicu "Revolusi Konstitusional" dalam sejarah Amerika Serikat.[2][3][4][5][6]

Pengadilan Warren memperkenalkan asas "satu orang, satu suara" di Amerika Serikat melalui berbagai putusan, dan mereka juga yang menetapkan kewajiban polisi untuk memberikan peringatan Miranda.[7][8][9] Selain itu, pengadilan Warren telah menuai pujian maupun cacian karena telah mengakhiri segregasi ras di Amerika Serikat secara de jure, menginkorporasi Deklarasi Hak-Hak (menegakannya terhadap pemerintah negara bagian melalui Amendemen Keempatbelas), dan mengakhiri pengadaan doa di sekolah negeri.

Referensi

  1. ^ Sunstein, Cass Breyer's Judicial Pragmatism University of Chicago Law School. November, 2005. hlm. 3-4. ("To many people, the idea of judicial deference to the elected branches lost much of its theoretical appeal in the 1950s and 1960s, when the Supreme Court, under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren, was invalidating school segregation (Brown v. Bd. of Educ.), protecting freedom of speech (Brandenburg v. Ohio) striking down poll taxes (Harper v. Bd. of Elections), requiring a rule of one person, one vote (Reynolds v. Sims), and protecting accused criminals against police abuse (Miranda v. Arizona)."
  2. ^ Pederson, William D. "Earl Warren". www.mtsu.edu (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-09-15. 
  3. ^ Horwitz, Morton J. (Winter 1993). "The Warren Court And The Pursuit Of Justice". Washington and Lee Law Review. 50. 
  4. ^ Driver, Justin (October 2012). "The Constitutional Conservatism of the Warren Court". California Law Review. 100 (5): 1101–1167. JSTOR 23408735. 
  5. ^ Powe, Jr., Lucas A. (2002). The Warren Court and American Politics. Harvard University Press. 
  6. ^ Swindler, William F. (1970). "The Warren Court: Completion of a Constitutional Revolution" (PDF). Vanderbilt Law Review. 23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-10-03. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-30. 
  7. ^ "Biography of Earl Warren". warren.ucsd.edu. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-04. 
  8. ^ "One Person, One Vote | The Constitution Project". www.theconstitutionproject.com. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-04. 
  9. ^ "Miranda v. Arizona". Oyez (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-10-04. 


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