Penerbang ulung

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Flying Ace (disambiguation).
"Penerbang Prancis pertama", Adolphe Pégoud, dianugerahi Croix de guerre.

Penerbang ulung (flying ace, fighter ace, air ace) adalah seorang penerbang militer yang dikenal karena menembak beberapa pesawat musuh saat serangan udara. Jumlah sebenarnya dari kemenangan udara yang disyaratkan secara resmi untuk dikualifikasi sebagai "penerbang" beragam, tetapi biasanya dianggap lima atau lebih. Beberapa penerbang di kalangan pasukan penyerang dulunya dihitung untuk mayoritas kemenangan udara dalam sejarah militer.[1]

Referensi

Catatan

Kutipan

  1. ^ Dunnigan 2003, p. 149.

Daftar pustaka

  • Belich, Jamie. "Ace, air combat". Richard Holmes, Charles Singleton and Spencer Jones, eds. The Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press, 2001 [online 2004].
  • Bergström, Christer. Barbarossa: The Air Battle, July–December 1941. Birmingham, UK: Classic Publications, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85780-270-2.
  • Dunnigan, James F. How to Make War: A Comprehensive Guide to Modern Warfare in the Twenty-first Century. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. ISBN 978-0-06009-012-8.
  • Farr, Finis. Rickenbacker's Luck: An American Life. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1979. ISBN 978-0-395-27102-5.
  • Franks, Norman and Frank W. Bailey. Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. London: Grub Street, 1992. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
  • Franks, Norman, Frank W. Bailey and Russell Guest. Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918. London: Grub Street, 1993. ISBN 978-0-94881-773-1.
  • ———; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory (1997), Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918, Fighting Airmen of WWI, 4, London: Grub Street, ISBN 978-1-898697-56-5 .
  • Fricker, John. Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965. London: Ian Allan, 1979. ISBN 978-0-7110-0929-5.
  • Galland, Adolf The First and the Last London, Methuen, 1955 (Die Ersten und die Letzten Germany, Franz Schneekluth, 1953).
  • Goll, Nicole-Melanie (2011). "Godwin von Brumowski (1889–1936): The Construction of an Austro-Hungarian War Hero during World War I". Dalam Marija Wakounig; Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler. From the Industrial Revolution to World War II in East Central Europe. LIT Verlag. hlm. 139–56. ISBN 978-3643901293. 
  • Guttman, Jon. Pusher Aces of World War 1. London: Osprey, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84603-417-6.
  • Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, USAF, USN, USMC, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961–1973. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2001. ISBN 1-85780-115-6.
  • Johnson, J. E. Wing Leader. London: Ballantine, 1967.
  • Lake, John. The Battle of Britain. London: Amber Books, 2000. ISBN 1-85605-535-3.
  • Lee, Arthur Gould. No Parachute. London: Jarrolds, 1968.
  • O'Connor, Martin. Air Aces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1914–1918. Boulder, Colorado: Flying Machine Press, 1986. ISBN 978-1-89126-806-9.
  • Pieters, Walter M. Above Flanders' Fields: A Complete Record of the Belgian Fighter Pilots and Their Units During the Great War, 1914–1918. London: Grub Street, 1998. ISBN 978-1-898697-83-1.
  • Robinson, Bruce (ed.) von Richthofen and the Flying Circus. Letchworth, UK: Harleyford, 1958.
  • Shores, Christopher. Air Aces. Greenwich Connecticut: Bison Books, 1983. ISBN 0-86124-104-5
  • ———; Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell (1990), Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920, London: Grub Street, ISBN 978-0-948817-19-9 .
  • Stenman, Kari and Kalevi Keskinen. Finnish Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces, number 23). London: Osprey Publishing. 1998. ISBN 952-5186-24-5.
  • Thomas, Andrew. Defiant, Blenheim and Havoc Aces. London: Osprey Publishing, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84908-666-0.
  • Toliver, Raymond J. and Trevor J. Constable. Horrido!: Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe. London: Bantam Books, 1979. ISBN 978-0-55312-663-1.
  • Toperczer, Istvan. MIG-17 and MIG-19 Units of the Vietnam War (Osprey Combat Aircraft, number 25). London: Osprey, 2001. ISBN 978-1-84176-162-6.
  • ——— (2001), MIG-21 Units of the Vietnam War, Combat Aircraft (29), London: Osprey, ISBN 978-1-84176-263-0 .

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