Pendudukan Haiti oleh Amerika Serikat

Para Marinir Amerika Serikat dan seorang penjaga Haiti mempatroli sebuah hutan pada 1915 saat Pertempuran Benteng Dipitie

Tanggal

28 Juli 1915 – 1 Agustus 1934
(19 tahun dan 4 hari)

Lokasi

Haiti, Hispaniola

Hasil

Kemenangan Amerika

Haiti diduduki

Pihak terlibat

Amerika Serikat

Pemerintah Haiti

Para Pemberontak Haiti

Kekuatan

Perang Caco Pertama:
2,029^[1]

Perang Caco Kedua:
1,500^[1]

Perang Caco Pertama:
5,000^[1]

Perang Caco Kedua:
2,700^[1]

Korban

Perang Caco Pertama:
3 KIA, 18 WIA^[1]

Perang Caco Kedua:
28 tewas^[1]

Perang Caco Pertama:
200 killed^[1]

Perang Caco Kedua:
70 tewas^[1]

Pendudukan Haiti oleh Amerika Serikat dimulai pada 28 Juli 1915, saat 330 Marinir AS mendarat di Port-au-Prince, Haiti, atas otoritas Presiden AS Woodrow Wilson. Pasukan invasi pertama didatangkan dari USS Montana pada 27 Januari 1914.^[2] Intervensi bulan Juli dilakukan setelah pembunuhan Presiden diktator Vilbrun Guillaume Sam oleh para pemberontak yang murka dengan eksekusi yang ia lakukan terhadap oposisi elit.

Pendudukan tersebut berakhir pada 1 Agustus 1934, setelah Presiden Franklin D. Roosevelt menyatakan perjanjian gencatan senjata pada Agustus 1933. Pasukan terakhir dari Marinir AS diberangkatkan pada 15 Agustus 1934, setelah pemindahan kekuasaan resmi kepada Garde d'Haïti.

Bacaan tambahan

Boot, Max. The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power. New York, Basic Books: 2002. ISBN 0-465-00721-X
Dalleo, Raphael (2016). American Imperialism's Undead: The Occupation of Haiti and the Rise of Caribbean Anticolonialism. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-3894-5.
Harper's Magazine advertisement: Why Should You Worry About Haiti? by the Haiti-Santo Domingo Independence Society
Hudson, Peter (2017). Bankers and Empire: How Wall Street Colonized the Caribbean. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-2264-5911-X.

Marvin, George (February 1916). "Assassination And Intervention in Haiti: Why The United States Government Landed Marines On The Island And Why It Keeps Them There". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XXXI: 404–410. Diakses tanggal August 4, 2009.
Renda, Mary A. (2001). Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915-1940. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4938-3.
Schmidt, Hans (1995). United States occupation of Haiti (1915-1934). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2203-X.
Weston, Rubin Francis (1972). Racism in U.S. Imperialism: The Influence of Racial Assumptions on American Foreign Policy, 1893-1946. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-219-2.

Catatan

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Clodfelter (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015. hlm. 378.
^ "US Occupation of Haiti 1915-1934", History, United States Navy

Referensi

Heinl, Robert (1996). Written in Blood: The History of the Haitian People. Lantham, Md.: University Press of America.
Schmidt, Hans. The United States Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1995.
Weinstein, Brian and Aaron Segal. Haiti: Political Failures, Cultural Successes (edisi ke-February 15, 1984). Praeger Publishers. hlm. 175. ISBN 0-275-91291-4.
Weston, Rubin Francis. Racism in U.S. Imperialism: The Influence of Racial Assumptions on American Foreign Policy, 1893-1946. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press. 1972

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