Pembersihan etnik

Pembersihan etnik adalah penghapusan paksa sistematis terhadap kelompok etnik atau agama dari sebuah kawasan oleh sebuah kelompok etnik yang lebih berkuasa, dalam rangka menciptakan masyarakat homogen.[1] Peristiwa tersebut menerapkan berbagai bentuk migrasi paksa (deportasi, transfer populasi) intimidasi, serta pembunuhan massal dan pemerkosaan genosidal.

Pembersihan etnik biasanya disertai dengan upaya penghapusan bukti fisik dan kebudayaan dari kelompok yang ditargetkan dalam kawasan tersebut melalui penghancuran rumah, pusat sosial, kebun, dan infrastruktur, dan dengan penodaan monumen, pemakaman dan tempat ibadah.

Awalnya digunakan oleh para pelaku pada masa Peperangan Yugoslavia (dengan sebutan etničko čišćenje=pembersihan etnik) dan dikutip dalam konteks tersebut sebagai perwujudan dari "Solusi Akhir", pada 1990an, istilah tersebut meraih ketenaran karena jurnalisme dan media menggunakan istilah tersebut dalam pengartian umum.[2]

Lihat pula

Catatan

  1. ^ Rubenstein, James M. (2008). The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. Pearson,. ISBN 9780131346819. 
  2. ^ Thum, Gregor (2006–2007). "Ethnic Cleansing in Eastern Europe after 1945". Contemporary European History. 19 (1): 75–81. doi:10.1017/S0960777309990257. 

Referensi

Bacaan tambahan

  • Anderson, Gary Clayton. Ethnic Cleansing and the Indians: The Crime that Should Haunt America. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014.
  • de Zayas, Alfred M.: Nemesis at Potsdam, Routledge, London 1977.
  • de Zayas, Alfred M.: A Terrible Revenge. Palgrave/Macmillan, New York, 1994. ISBN 1-4039-7308-3.
  • de Zayas, Alfred M.: Die deutschen Vertriebenen. Leopold Stocker, Graz, 2006. ISBN 3-902475-15-3.
  • de Zayas, Alfred M.: Heimatrecht ist Menschenrecht. Universitas, München 2001. ISBN 3-8004-1416-3.
  • de Zayas, Alfred M.: "The Right to One's Homeland, Ethnic Cleansing and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia", Criminal Law Forum (2005)
  • de Zayas, Alfred M.: "Forced Population Transfer" in Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Oxford online 2010.
  • Carmichael, Cathie (2002). Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans: nationalism and the destruction of tradition (edisi ke-Illustrated). Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27416-8. ISBN 9780415274166. 
  • Douglas, R. M.: Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press, 2012 ISBN 978-0300166606.
  • Prauser, Steffen and Rees, Arfon: The Expulsion of the "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second Century. Florence, Italy, European University Institute, 2004.
  • Sundhaussen, Holm (2010). "Forced Ethnic Migration". European History Online. 

Pranala luar

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