Pemberontakan Boko Haram

Peta yang menunjukkan situasi pemberontakan Boko Haram.

Pemberontakan Boko Haram dimulai pada tahun 2009[1] ketika kelompok jihadis Boko Haram melancarkan pemberontakan melawan pemerintah Nigeria.[2] Pada tahun 2012, ketegangan di dalam tubuh Boko Haram mengakibatkan perpecahan antara faksi konservatif Salafis yang dipimpin oleh Abu Usmatul al-Ansari, dan faksi yang lebih dominan dan sering melakukan kekerasan yang dipimpin oleh Abubakar Shekau. Pada tahun 2015, kelompok Shekau terpecah menjadi kelompok Ansaru yang berafiliasi dengan al-Qaeda dan faksi Shekau yang menjadi cabang Negara Islam Irak dan Syam di Afrika Barat.

Pada tahun 2013, lebih dari 1.000 orang tewas akibat konflik ini. Pemberontakan semakin memanas pada tahun 2014 dan mengakibatkan kematian 10.849 orang.[3][4][5][6] Pada tahun yang sama pemberontakan juga menyebar ke wilayah tetangga di Kamerun, Chad, dan Niger, sehingga konflik ini berubah menjadi konflik regional. Pada tahun 2015, serangan yang dilancarkan oleh koalisi negara-negara Afrika Barat membuat Boko Haram melarikan diri ke Hutan Sambisa.

Pemberontakan ini berlangsung sebagai akibat dari kekerasan antar umat Islam dan Kristen di Nigeria. Boko Haram telah dijuluki sebagai kelompok teroris paling mematikan di dunia berdasarkan jumlah orang yang telah mereka bunuh.[7][8][9]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ "Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists?". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2016-02-20. 
  2. ^ Adama Nossiter (27 July 2009). "Scores Die as Fighters Battle Nigerian Police". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014. 
  3. ^ John Campbell. "Nigeria Security Tracker". Council on Foreign Relations. Diakses tanggal 9 January 2014. 
  4. ^ "Boko Haram's four-year reign of terror". Channel 4 News. 8 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 2 June 2014. 
  5. ^ "Boko Haram's Bloodiest Year Yet: Over 9,000 Killed, 1.5 Million Displaced, 800 Schools Destroyed in 2014". Christian Post. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2015. 
  6. ^ Monica Mark. "Thousands flee as Boko Haram seizes military base on Nigeria border". the Guardian. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2015. 
  7. ^ "Nigeria Boko Haram: Militants 'technically defeated' - Buhari". BBC News. 24 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2015. 
  8. ^ Pisa, Katie; Hume, Tim (19 November 2015). "Boko Haram overtakes ISIS as world's deadliest terror group, report says". CNN. Diakses tanggal 23 March 2016. 
  9. ^ "Global Terrorism Index 2015" (PDF). Institute for Economics and Peace. November 2015. hlm. 41. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-02-07. Diakses tanggal 23 March 2016. 

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