Pelangga

Seekor kuda pelangga kapisa
Kuda berwarna kapisa-putih dengan pola pelangga
Kuda poni pelangga hitam putih
Kuda pelangga hitam-putih
Kuda Pelangga

Pelangga atau Tobiano adalah pola warna bercak yang biasa terlihat pada kuda topong, dihasilkan oleh gen dominan. Gen pelangga menghasilkan bercak berambut putih dan berkulit merah muda pada warna bulu dasar. Warnanya hampir selalu ada sejak lahir dan tidak berubah sepanjang hidup kuda, kecuali kuda tersebut juga membawa gen abu-abu. Ini adalah gen yang dominan, jadi setiap kuda pelangga harus memiliki setidaknya satu induk yang membawa gen pelangga.

Tes DNA

Kuda pelangga terjadi karena inversi kromosom pada ECA3 di mana urutan gen dari bagian yang mencakup hampir sepertiga kromosom "terbalik" selama peristiwa rekombinasi genetik. Gen ini dianggap sebagai gen kuno di antara kuda domestik, berusia sekitar 3500 tahun, dan tersebar luas di banyak ras di dunia. [1]

Pengujian genetik tersedia untuk membantu menentukan keberadaan gen pelangga. Awalnya, tidak ada tes langsung untuk pelangga; tes pelangga awal menggunakan enam penanda genetik, termasuk penanda pada gen KIT pada kromosom kuda 3, yang terkait erat dengan kuda pelangga tetapi tidak dapat digunakan untuk membuktikan homozigositas secara resmi. [2] Setelah beberapa tahun penelitian dari Universitas Kentucky, pada tahun 2008 ditemukan inversi kromosom yang mempengaruhi wilayah regulasi gen KIT. [3] Inversi ini akhirnya dipetakan untuk pengujian genetik dan kini ditawarkan oleh beberapa laboratorium. [4] Pengujian paling sering dimaksudkan untuk menentukan homozigositas, namun juga berguna dalam kasus di mana seekor kuda telah beruban, atau jika seekor kuda kehilangan pigmentasi yang tidak dapat dijelaskan.

Referensi

  1. ^ Bailey, Ernest; Brooks, Samantha A. (2013). Horse genetics (edisi ke-2.). Wallingford: CABI. hlm. 56–59. ISBN 9781780643298. 
  2. ^ "Tobiano" Diarsipkan 2010-05-15 di Wayback Machine. from Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Web Site accessed January 13, 2008
  3. ^ "DNA Testing for Tobiano" Diarsipkan 2010-09-17 di Wayback Machine. from Animal Genetics Incorporated
  4. ^ Bailey, Ernest; Brooks, Samantha A. (2013). Horse genetics (edisi ke-2.). Wallingford: CABI. hlm. 56–59. ISBN 9781780643298. 

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