Pedanius Dioskorides

Dioskorides menerima tanaman gingsen. Dari manuskrip Vienna Dioscordides, sebuah turunan dari buku De Materia Medica.

Pedanius Dioskorides (40-90 masehi) adalah seorang dokter berkebangsaan Yunani, yang hidup pada zaman kaisar Nero.[1] Pada jamannya, Dioskorides juga terkenal sebagai ahli tumbuhan dan ahli farmasi.[1] Ia menulis buku yang berjudul Materia Medica, yang berisi uraian berbagai obat-obatan yang eksis pada zaman tersebut.[1]

Dioskorides bekerja sebagai dokter yang mengobati tentara Romawi.[2] Dalam pekerjaannya sebagai dokter medis, ia diduga sempat mengumpulkan berbagai spesimen tanaman dan rempah-rempah untuk dijadikan obat.[2] Ia diketahui mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas mengenai tanaman obat, dan pemahaman tersebut diperkirakan membantu Dioksorides dalam menulis Materia Medica, salah satu farmakope komprehensif yang telah ditrisbusikan secara luas semenjak sebelum zaman abad pertengahan.[2]

Dalam buku Materia Medica, terangkum sekitar 500 jenis tanaman obat beserta fungsi kegunaannya.[2] Buku ini dinilai memperoleh popularitas pada jamannya.[2] Oleh bangsa Arab, buku ini dijaga, disalin, dan diterjemahkan.[2] Lebih jauh lagi, ilustrasi ditambahkan ke dalam buku ini oleh seniman yang tidak diketahui namannya, serta disalin ulang dalam bahasa Latin pada tahun 500 masehi.[2] Di dunia barat, buku ini diperkirakan sebagai buku herbal paling terkenal sebelum bukukarangan dokter Persia, Avicenna (980-1037) sampai ke dataran Eropa.[2]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c (Indonesia)Hassan Shadily & Redaksi Ensiklopedi Indonesia (Red & Peny)., Ensiklopedi Indonesia Jilid 2 (CES-HAM). Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru-van Hoeve
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h (Inggris)Isely D. 2002. One Hundred and One Botanists. Purdue University Press. ISBN 9781557532831

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