Organogenesis

Organogenesis adalah proses pembentukan organ atau alat tubuh. Pertumbuhan ini diawali dari pembentukan embrio (bentuk primitif) menjadi janin atau fetus (bentuk definitif) kemudian berdiferensiasi menjadi memiliki bentuk dan rupa yang spesifik bagi keluarga hewan dalam satu spesies.

Organogenesis terdiri dari dua periode, yaitu pertumbuhan antara dan pertumbuhan akhir. Selama pertumbuhan terjadi transformasi dan diferensiasi bagian-bagian tubuh embrio dari bentuk primitif menjadi bentuk definitif, yang khas bagi suatu spesies, seperti adanya bentuk katak, ayam atau sapi. Periode pertumbuhan akhir, penyelesaian bentuk definitif menjadi suatu bentuk individu (pertumbuhan jenis kelamin, roman/wajah yang khas bagi individu).

Pada aves, reptil, dan mamalia batas antara kedua periode tersebut tidak jelas.

Peran asam retinoat dan hormon tiroid sangat diperlukan bagi diferensiasi sel dan organogenesis pada embrio. Ekspresi transporter MCT-8 yang banyak ditemukan pada otak dan plasenta adalah mediator yang menyerap hormon tiroid dari peredaran darah menuju ke dalam sel, yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan neuron, yang diaktivasi oleh asam retinoat.[1]

Rujukan

  1. ^ (Inggris) "Retinoic acid induces expression of the thyroid hormone transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8)". VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System/UCLA; Kogai T, Liu YY, Richter LL, Mody K, Kagechika H, Brent GA. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-20. 


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