Observatorium Nasional Kitt Peak

Berbagai teleskop di Observatorium Nasional Kitt Peak di Pegunungan Quinlan

Observatorium Nasional Kitt Peak adalah observatorium astronomi Amerika Serikat yang terletak di Puncak Kitt Pegunungan Quinlan di Arizona-Gurun Sonora di Negara Tohono Oʼodham, 88 kilometer (55 mil) barat daya Tucson, Arizona. Dengan lebih dari dua puluh teleskop optik dan dua teleskop radio, ini adalah salah satu kumpulan instrumen astronomi terbesar di belahan bumi utara.[1]

Observatorium Nasional Puncak Kitt didirikan pada tahun 1958. Ini adalah rumah bagi teleskop surya terbesar di dunia, dan banyak teleskop astronomi besar pada akhir abad ke-20 di Amerika Serikat.[2] Observatorium ini dikelola oleh Observatorium Astronomi Optik Nasional dari awal 1980-an hingga 2019, setelah itu diawasi oleh NOIRLab.[3]

Pada bulan Juni 2022, Kebakaran Contreras menyebabkan evakuasi Puncak Kitt. Kebakaran mencapai puncak pada pukul 02.00 pada hari Jumat, 17 Juni. Empat bangunan non-ilmiah, termasuk asrama, hilang dilalap api.[4] Hingga Senin, 20 Juni, tingkat kerusakan teleskop masih dikaji.[5]

Sejarah

Observatorium Nasional Puncak Kitt diresmikan pada 16 Maret 1960. Pada peresmian tersebut teleskop berukuran 36 inci dan berbagai fasilitas telah siap.[14] Konstruksi sedang dilakukan untuk teleskop 84 inci yang direncanakan, yaitu KPNO 2,1 meter.[6] Lampu 84 inci (2,1 m) pertama kali dinyalakan pada bulan September 1964.[7]

Selama beberapa dekade, puncak gunung menjadi tempat banyak teleskop, dan menghasilkan berbagai penemuan. Beberapa contoh penelitian astronomi yang disumbangkan KPNO mencakup studi tentang materi gelap, jarak kosmik, galaksi pergeseran merah tinggi, dan Void Boötes. Selain itu, observatorium telah terlibat dalam berbagai program penjangkauan publik dan pendidikan.[8]

Referensi

  1. ^ National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO). "Kitt Peak National Observatory". Diakses tanggal February 18, 2012. 
  2. ^ Lang, Kenneth R. (2007-01-15). A Companion to Astronomy and Astrophysics: Chronology and Glossary with Data Tables. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780387333670. 
  3. ^ Clery, Daniel (2019-10-31). "U.S. telescopes get a new overseer". Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-11-18. 
  4. ^ "Arizona Wildfire Destroys Observatory Buildings". New York Times. 20 June 2022. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2022. 
  5. ^ "Contreras Fire Reaches Kitt Peak National Observatory". NOIRLab. 17 June 2022. Diakses tanggal 18 June 2022. 
  6. ^ "General Notes". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 72 (425): 146. 1960. Bibcode:1960PASP...72..146.. doi:10.1086/127502 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. 
  7. ^ "2.1-Meter Telescope". www.noao.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 4, 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-11-22. 
  8. ^ Science, Elizabeth Howell 2014-08-21T02:46:09Z; Astronomy (August 21, 2014). "Kitt Peak National Observatory: Discoveries & Programs". Space.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-11-18. 

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