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Nya (aksara Bali)

Nya
Aksara Bali
Huruf LatinNya
IASTÑa
Fonem[ɲ]
UnicodeU+1B1C , U+
Warga aksaratalawya
Gantungan

Nya adalah salah satu aksara wianjana (huruf konsonan) dalam sistem penulisan aksara Bali yang melambangkan bunyi /ɲ/. Bila Nya dalam aksara Bali disalin menjadi huruf Latin, maka ditulis "nya" atau "ñ".

Fonem

Nya diucapkan seperti huruf "ny" atau "ñ" pada kata "nyanyi" (bahasa Indonesia), "nyamuk" (bahasa Indonesia), pañcan (bahasa Sanskerta), nyama (bahasa Bali).

Penggunaan

Dantya (gigi)
Talawya (langit-langit)

Nya ditulis untuk kata-kata yang mengandung bunyi /ɲ/. Penggunaannya sama seperti ञ (ña) dalam aksara Dewanagari. Nya tidak digunakan pada kata-kata yang mengandung konsonan rangkap "ny" yang tidak diucapkan /ɲ/. Contohnya kata "Abimanyu". Konsonan [nj] pada kata tersebut tidak digabung agar menjadi bunyi sengau seperti dwihuruf "ny" pada kata "nyamuk". Bila dieja menurut suku katanya, kata Abimanyu dieja "A – bi – man – yu", bukan "A – bi – ma – nyu". Maka dari itu, huruf Nya tidak digunakan.

Dalam sistem penulisan dengan huruf Latin (kecuali di negara yang menggunakan huruf Latin ekstensi, dengan tanda diakritik), kata-kata yang mengandung bunyi nasal /n/ yang disusul oleh /c/ ditulis "nc", sedangkan bila disusul oleh bunyi /ɟ/ maka ditulis "nj". Contohnya kata: "panjang", "pancing", "manja", "manca", dan sebagainya. Dalam aturan penulisan dengan aksara Bali, bila bunyi nasal (sengau) gigi /n/ disusul oleh bunyi /c/, /tʃ/,[1] /dʒ/[1] maupun /ɟ/, maka bunyi nasal tersebut akan berubah menjadi bunyi nasal (sengau) langit-langit /ɲ/. Hal itu disebabkan karena menurut aturan penulisan aksara Bali, /n/ diucapkan dengan menyentuh gigi atas, sedangkan /ɲ/ diucapkan dengan mendekatkan badan lidah ke langit-langit mulut, dengan metode yang sama seperti mengucapkan /c/ maupun /ɟ/. Maka dari itu, huruf N pada kata "panjang", "pancing", "manja", "manca", dsb. ditulis dengan menggunakan huruf Nya apabila disalin ke dalam aksara Bali. Sebab, huruf N pada kata-kata tersebut tidak diucapkan dengan mendekatkan ujung lidah menyentuh kaki gigi atas, namun dengan mendekatkan badan lidah ke langit-langit mulut, seperti mengucapkan "ca", "ja", atau "nya". Hal ini menandakan berlakunya hukum "regresif" pada penulisan aksara Bali, maksudnya lambang bunyi yang di belakang (/c/, /ɟ/) memengaruhi yang di muka (/n/).[2] Dengan demikian, /n/ menyesuaikan diri dengan daerah artikulasi /c/ dan /ɟ/, menjadi /ɲ/.[2]

Dalam IAST, huruf Nya dialihaksarakan sebagai huruf N dengan tanda tilde di atasnya (Ñ). Maka, setiap menulis bahasa Sanskerta (atau Kawi) dengan huruf Latin, huruf N yang disusul oleh huruf C maupun J diganti dengan huruf Ñ. Contoh: pañca, sañca, pañjara, sañjivanī, dsb.

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ a b Bunyi langit-langit yang terdapat dalam bahasa Melayu.
  2. ^ a b Aturan penulisan aksara Bali

Referensi

  • Tinggen, I Nengah. 1993. Pedoman Perubahan Ejaan Bahasa Bali dengan Huruf Latin dan Huruf Bali. Singaraja: UD. Rikha.
  • Surada, I Made. 2007. Kamus Sanskerta-Indonesia. Surabaya: Penerbit Paramitha.
  • Simpen, I Wayan. Pasang Aksara Bali. Diterbitkan oleh Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali.

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