Negara gagal adalah negara yang dianggap gagal memenuhi persyaratan dan tanggung jawab dasar suatu pemerintahan berdaulat. Tidak ada kesepakatan umum tentang definisi negara gagal. Definisi negara gagal menurut Fund for Peace sering digunakan untuk mencap suatu negara yang memiliki ciri-ciri berikut:
Ciri-ciri yang umum dari suatu negara gagal adalah pemerintah pusatnya sangat lemah atau tidak efektif sampai-sampai kekuasaan praktis di sebagian besar wilayahnya begitu kecil; buruknya layanan publik; korupsi dan tindak kejahatan yang meluas; intervensi aktor negara dan non-negara; adanya pengungsi atau perpindahan penduduk tak terkendali; memburuknya ekonomi secara tajam; dan intervensi militer baik dari dalam maupun luar negara dapat terjadi.[1]
Seberapa besarnya kendali pemerintah yang dibutuhkan agar tidak dicap sebagai negara gagal masih beragam di kalangan peneliti.[2] Selain itu, penetapan negara "gagal" masih dianggap kontroversial dan jika dibuat secara sengaja, akan ada konsekuensi geopolitik yang besar.[2]
20 negara gagal menurut Indeks Negara Gagal 2013 ditampilkan di bawah. Selisih peringkat dari tahun sebelumnya dicantumkan dalam tanda kurung.[3]
[5]
1. Somalia (0) 2. Chad (+2) 3. Sudan (0) 4. Zimbabwe (-2) 5. Republik Demokratik Kongo (0) 6. Afganistan (+1) 7. Irak (-1) 8. Republik Afrika Tengah (0) 9. Guinea (0) 10. Pakistan (0)
11. Haiti (+1) 12. Pantai Gading (-1) 13. Kenya (+1) 14. Nigeria (+1) 15. Yaman (+4) 16. Burma (-3) 17. Ethiopia (-1) 18. Timor Leste (+2) 19. Korea Utara (-2) 19. Niger (+4)
[6]
1. Somalia (0) 2. Zimbabwe (+1) 3. Sudan (-1) 4. Chad (0) 5. Republik Demokratik Kongo (+1) 6. Irak (-1) 7. Afganistan (0) 8. Republik Afrika Tengah (+2) 9. Guinea (+2) 10. Pakistan (-1)
11. Pantai Gading (-3) 12. Haiti (+2) 13. Burma (0) 14. Kenya (+12) 15. Nigeria (+3) 16. Ethiopia (0) 17. Korea Utara (-2) 18. Yaman (+3) 19. Bangladesh (-7) 20. Timor Leste (+5)
[7]
1. Somalia (+2) 2. Sudan (-1) 3. Zimbabwe (+1) 4. Chad (+1) 5. Iraq (-3) 6. Republik Demokratik Kongo (+1) 7. Afganistan (+1) 8. Pantai Gading (-2) 9. Pakistan (+3) 10. Republik Afrika Tengah (0)
11. Guinea (-2) 12. Bangladesh (+4) 13. Burma/Myanmar(+2) 14. Haiti (-3) 15. Korea Utara (-2) 16. Ethiopia (+2) 17. Uganda (-1) 18. Lebanon (+10)[8] 19. Nigeria (-1) 20. Sri Lanka (+5)[9]
177 negara dicantumkan dalam daftar ini. Dari jumlah ini 32 digolongkan sebagai "waspada", 97 sebagai "Terancam", 33 sebagai "sedang", 15 sebagai "dapat bertahan". Ke-20 negara yang paling buruk diperlihatkan di bawah ini. Untuk keseluruhan peringkatnya, lihat Daftar negara menurut Indeks Negara Gagal. Perubahan dalam peringkat dari 2006 diperlihatkan dalam kurung.[10]
1. Sudan(0) 2. Irak(+2) 3. Somalia(+4) 4. Zimbabwe(+1) 5. Chad(+1) 6. Pantai Gading(-3) 7. Republik Demokratik Kongo(-5)
8. Afganistan(+2) 9. Guinea(+2) 10. Republik Afrika Tengah(+3) 11. Haiti(-3) 12. Pakistan(-3) 13. Korea Utara(+1) 14. Myanmar(+4)
15. Uganda(+6)[11] 16. Bangladesh(+3) 17. Nigeria(+5)[12] 18. Ethiopia(+8)[13] 19. Burundi(-4) 20. Timor Leste(N/A)[14]
146 negara dicantumkan dalam daftar 2006. Dari jumlah ini 28 digolongkan sebagai "waspada", 78 sebagai "Terancam", 27 sebagai "sedang", 13 sebagai "dapat bertahan". Ke-20 negara yang paling buruk diperlihatkan di bawah ini. Perubahan peringkat dari 2005 diperlihatkan dalam kurung.[15]
1. Sudan(+2) 2. Republik Demokratik Kongo(0) 3. Pantai Gading(-2) 4. Irak(0) 5. Zimbabwe(+10) 6. Chad(+1) 7. Somalia(-2)
8. Haiti(+2) 9. Pakistan(+25)[16] 10. Afganistan(+1) 11. Guinea(+5) 12. Liberia(-3) 13. Republik Afrika Tengah(+7) 14. Korea Utara(-1)
15. Burundi(+3) 16. Yaman(-8) 17. Sierra Leone(-11) 18. Myanmar(+5)[17] 19. Bangladesh(-2) 20. Nepal(+15)[18]
2005 tahun pertama ketika Fund for Peace (Dana untuk Perdamaian) menerbitkan daftar ini. 76 dianalisis, dan daripadanya 33 digolongkan sebagai "waspada", dan 43 sebagai "Terancam", (peringkat yang lebih baik daripada "Terancam" tidak dibuat untuk tahun ini). Ke-20 negara yang paling buruk diperlihatkan di bawah ini.[19]
1. Pantai Gading 2. Republik Demokratik Kongo 3. Sudan 4. Irak 5. Somalia 6. Sierra Leone 7. Chad
8. Yaman 9. Liberia 10. Haiti 11. Afganistan 12. Rwanda 13. Korea Utara 14. Kolombia
15. Zimbabwe 16. Guinea 17. Bangladesh 18. Burundi 19. Republik Dominika 20. Republik Afrika Tengah
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