Mortalisme Kristen atau kefanaan Kristen mengandung keyakinan bahwa jiwa manusia pada hakikatnya tidak kekal (immortal);[1][2][3][4][5] dan mungkin mencakup keyakinan bahwa jiwa berada dalam keadaan tidak mampu memahami apa-apa selama rentang waktu antara kematian jasmani dan kebangkitan tubuhnya,[6][7][8][9][10] suatu rentang waktu yang dikenal sebagai keadaan antara. "Tidur jiwa" sering kali dipandang sebagai istilah peyoratif[11][a][14] sehingga istilah "materialisme" yang dianggap lebih netral digunakan pula pada abad ke-19,[15] dan istilah "mortalisme Kristen" digunakan sejak tahun 1970-an.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
Secara historis, istilah psikopanikisme juga digunakan, terlepas dari permasalahan dengan etimologi[b][c] dan penerapannya.[24] Istilah thnetopsychism juga digunakan, misalnya oleh Gordon Campbell (2008) yang mengidentifikasi Milton sebagai orang yang memercayai keyakinan yang terakhir disebutkan[25] kendati De doctrina Christiana[d] maupun Paradise Lost[e] karyanya menyebut kematian jasmani sebagai "tidur" dan orang yang mengalami kematian jasmani "dibangkitkan dari tidur". Pada praktiknya, perbedaan tersebut sulit dikenali.[26]
Berbagai sudut pandang yang terkait dan tampak kontras seputar kehidupan setelah kematian misalnya rekonsiliasi universal, bahwa semua jiwa bersifat kekal (atau bersifat fana, namun semuanya dianugerahi kelangsungan hidup tanpa kecuali) dan akhirnya diperdamaikan, dan keselamatan khusus, bahwa suatu kehidupan yang positif setelah kematian jasmani hanya dialami secara eksklusif oleh jiwa-jiwa tertentu. Mortalisme Kristen diajarkan oleh beberapa teolog dan organisasi gerejawi sepanjang sejarah, kendati menghadapi penentangan dari aspek-aspek agama Kristen institusional. Dalam Konsili Lateran V, Gereja Katolik mengecam pemikiran semacam ini sebagai kesesatan yang serius dengan menyebutnya "penegasan-penegasan yang keliru". Para pendukung pemikiran ini misalnya Martin Luther, William Tyndale, John Milton, Thomas Hobbes, dan Isaac Newton.
But among philosophers they were perhaps equally notorious for their commitment to the mortalist heresy; this is the doctrine which denies the existence of a naturally immortal soul.
For mortalists the Bible did not teach the existence of a separate immaterial or immortal soul and the word 'soul' simply meant 'life'; the doctrine of a separate soul was said to be a Platonic importation.
mortalism, the denial that the soul is an incorporeal substance that outlives the body
christian mortalism – the view that the soul either sleeps until the Day of Judgment, or is annihilated and re-created
Thus the so-called Ganztodtheorie, or mortalism, states that with death the human person totally ceases to be.
doctrines of mortalism or psychopannychism, which asserted that the being or the experience of the soul were suspended during the remainder of secular time
the term ‘soul-sleeper’ is used today only as a term of reproach
Soul-sleepers, a term sometimes applied to Materialists (which see), because they admit no intermediate state between death and the resurrection.
The term ‘Christian mortalism,’ which I have borrowed from the title of Norman T. Burns's masterly book on that topic
The same dynamic can be found in John Milton's Christian Doctrine, another spirited defense of Christian mortalism
Force then goes on to show how Newton's Christian mortalism fits with Newton's core voluntarism, ie, his essentially… Force finds Newton's adoption of Christian mortalism clearly stated in Newton's manuscript entitled "Paradoxical…"
The mood of a pannychis was often one of gaiety, but this was also a form of religious action... The pannychis was marked, according to one charming definition, by 'la bonne humeure efficace' (Borgeaud)
The belief that the soul dies with the body but is resurrected at the last judgment is known as thnetopsychism; the belief that the soul sleeps from the moment of death until the last judgment is known as psychopannychism
Milton tends to espouse the variation of vital introspection known as Thnetopsychism, which holds that the body and soul die, though certain passages in De Doctrina Christiana seem to support the alternative type, Psychopannychism, which states that soul and body merely sleep until the Last Day.
Templat:Teologi Kristen
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