Model Lange


Model Lange (atau teorema Lange-Lerner) adalah model ekonomi neoklasik untuk ekonomi sosialis hipotetis yang didasarkan atas kepemilikan publik terhadap alat produksi dan pendekatan trial-and-error untuk menentukan target keluaran, mencapai ekuilibrium ekonomi serta efisiensi Pareto. Dalam model ini, negara memiliki faktor non-kerja dari produksi, dan pasar mengalokasikan barang jadi dan barang konsumsi. Model Lange menyatakan bahwa jika semua produksi dilakukan oleh badan publik seperti negara, dan terdapat mekanisme harga yang berfungsi, ekonomi ini dapat mencapai efisiensi Pareto, seperti ekonomi pasar hipotetis di bawah kompetisi sempurna. Tidak seperti model kapitalisme, model Lange didasarkan atas alokasi langsung, dengan mengarahkan manajer perusahaan untuk menentukan harga yang setara dengan biaya marjinal untuk mencapai efisiensi Pareto. Berkebalikan dalam kapitalisme yang penentuan harga oleh manajernya diarahkan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan bagi pemiliki pribadi, sementara tekanan kompetitif yang diandalkan secara tidak langsung untuk menurunkan harga setara dengan biaya marjinal.

Model ini pertama kali dianjurkan oleh Oskar R. Lange pada 1936 selama perdebatan kalkulasi sosialis, dan dikembangkan oleh ekonom seperti H.D. Dickinson dan Abba P. Lerner. Meskipun Lange dan Lerner menyebutnya dengan "sosialisme pasar", model Lange adalah bentuk ekonomi terencana dengan dewan perencanaan pusat mengalokasikan investasi dan barang modal, sedangkan pasar mengalokasikan kerja dan barang jadi. Dewan perencana mensimulasikan pasar dalam barang modal dengan proses trial-and-error pertama kali dielaborasikan oleh Vilfred Pareto dan Léon Walras.[1]

Model Lange tidak pernah diimplementasikan di mana pun, bahkan di negara Oskar Lange itu sendiri, Polandia, tempat di mana perencanaan ekonomi tipe Soviet dilaksanakan setelah Perang Dunia Kedua, sehingga menghalangi eksperimen dengan ekonomi model Lange.[2] Beberapa pararel dapat ditarik dari Mekanisme Ekonomi Baru atau yang disebut Komunisme Goulash di Republik Rakyat Hungaria di bawah pemerintahan János Kádár, meski ini bukan sistem model Lange murni.[3]


Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Hodgson, G. M. (1998). "Socialism against markets? A critique of two recent proposals". Economy and Society. 27 (4): 407–433. doi:10.1080/03085149800000027. 
  2. ^ Yunker, James A. (1995). "Post-Lange Market Socialism: An Evaluation of Profit-Oriented Proposals". Journal of Economic Issues. 29 (3): 683–717. JSTOR 4226984. 
  3. ^ Wolf, Thomas. "The Lessons of Limited Market-Oriented Reform" (1991), The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Autumn, 1991), pp. 45-58
  • Gregory, Paul R.; Robert C. Stuart (2004). Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-26181-8. 
  • Kowalik, Tadeusz (1987). "Lange-Lerner mechanism," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 129–30.
  • Roemer, John (1994). A Future for Socialism, Verso Press.
  • Stiglitz, Joseph E. (1994). Whither Socialism?. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 0-262-19340-X. 
  • Lo, Dic; Russell Smyth (2004). "Towards a Re-interpretation of the Economics of Feasible Socialism". Cambridge Political Economy Society. 28 (6). 
  • Lange, O (1935). "Marxian Economics and Modern Theory". Review of Economic Studies. 2 (3): 189–201. doi:10.2307/2967586. 
  • Lange, O (1936). "On the Economic Theory of Socialism I". The Review of Economic Studies. 4 (1): 53–71. doi:10.2307/2967660. 
  • Lange, O 1937 On the Economic Theory of Socialism II The Review of Economic Studies V4 N 123-142
  • Lange, O 1938 On the Economic Theory of Socialism B Lippincott ed. University of Minnesota Press
  • Lange, O 1940 Letter to FA Hayek, diterjemahkan oleh Thadeusz Kowalik
  • Lange, O 1942 Economics of Socialism Journal of Political Economy 50(2):299-303
  • Lange, O 1957a Political Economy of Socialism, reprinted in Kowalik 1994
  • Lange, O 1957b. Role of Planning in a socialist economy, reprinted in Kowalik 1994
  • Lange, O 1967 The Computer and the Market in Socialism, Capitalism, and Economic Growth Feinstein Ed. Reprinted in Economic Theory and Market Socialism T Kowalik ed. Edward Elgar pub.
  • Lerner, A (1934). "Economic Theory and Socialist Economy". The Review of Economic Studies. 2 (1): 51–61. doi:10.2307/2967550. 
  • Lerner, A (1936). "A note on Socialist Economics". The Review of Economic Studies. 4 (1): 72–76. doi:10.2307/2967661. 
  • Lerner, A (1937). "Statics and Dynamics in Socialist Economics". The Economic Journal. 47 (186): 253–270. doi:10.2307/2225526. 
  • Lerner, A (1938). "Theory and Practice in Socialist Economics". The Review of Economic Studies. 6 (1): 71–5. doi:10.2307/2967541. 
  • Lerner, A 1944 The Economics of Control
  • Lerner, A (1972). "The Economics and Politics of Consumer Sovereignty". The American Economic Review. 62 (1-2): 258–266. 
  • Lerner, A (1977). "Marginal Cost Pricing in the 1930s". The American Economic Review. 67 (1): 235–243. 
  • MacKenzie, DW, 2006 Oscar Lange and the Impossibility of Economic Calculation, Studia Economicze
  • MacKenzie, DW Social Dividends, Entrepreneurial Discretion, and Bureaucratic Rules
  • MacKenzie, DW Capital and Income in Democratic Socialism
  • MacKenzie, DW Trial and Error in the Socialist Calculation Debate
  • Roberts, Paul Craig (1971). "Oskar Lange's Theory of Socialist Planning". Journal of Political Economy. 79 (3): 562–77. doi:10.1086/259768. ISSN 1537-534X. JSTOR 1830772 – via JSTOR. (Perlu mendaftar (help)). 
  • Rosefielde, Steven (1973). "Some Observations on the Concept of 'Socialism' in Contemporary Economic Theory". Soviet Studies. 25 (2): 229–43. doi:10.2307/150886. ISSN 0038-5859. JSTOR 150886 – via JSTOR. (Perlu mendaftar (help)). 
  • Shleifer, Andrei; Robert W. Vishny (1994). "The Politics of Market Socialism" (PDF). The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 8 (2): 165–76. doi:10.1257/jep.8.2.165. 

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Read other articles:

Rebels on the RunAlbum studio karya Montgomery GentryDirilis18 Oktober 2011 (2011-10-18)[1][2]GenreCountryDurasi36:41LabelAverage JoesProduserMichael Knox[3]Kronologi Montgomery Gentry For Our Heroes(2009) Rebels on the Run(2011) Playlist: The Very Best of Montgomery GentryString Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found Singel dalam album Rebels on the Run Where I Come FromDirilis: 25 Juli 2011 (2011-07-25) So Called LifeDirilis: ...

 

Bupati Lampung UtaraLambang Kabupaten Lampung UtaraPetahanaBudi Utomosejak 3 November 2020KediamanPendapa Kabupaten Lampung UtaraMasa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk1946Pejabat pertamaBurhanudinSitus weblampungutarakab.go.id Berikut ini adalah Daftar Bupati Lampung Utara dari masa ke masa.[1] No Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Wakil Bupati 1 Burhanudin 1946 1947 1 2 Akhmad Akuan 1947 1950 2 3 H.Zainal Abidin Pagaralam 1950 1950 3 4 R.Sarikun tidak diketahui tidak diketahui 4 ...

 

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang monarki Belize. Untuk informasi tentang negara lainnya yang berbagi orang yang sama sebagai penguasa monarki, lihat Wilayah Persemakmuran. Raja JamaikaKing of Jamaicacode: en is deprecated   (Inggris)Sedang berkuasaCharles IIIsejak 8 September 2022 PerincianPewarisWilliam, Pangeran WalesPenguasa pertamaElizabeth IIPembentukan6 Agustus 1962KediamanKing’s House, Kingston Templat:Politik Jamaika Monarki Jamaika adalah sebuah sistem pemerintahan...

Jenaer Liederhandschrift The Jenaer Liederhandschrift (German, the Jena song manuscript) is a 14th-century manuscript containing lyrics and melodies to songs in Middle High German. The majority of the lyrics belong to the genre of Spruchdichtung and, with 91 melodies, the manuscript is the single most important source for the music of this genre. It is currently held in the Thuringian University and State Library [de], Jena, with the shelf-mark Ms. El. f. 101. In Minnesang schola...

 

Patriarkat Kaldea Babilon (bahasa Latin: Patriarchatus Babylonensis Chaldaeorum) adalah Patriarkat Gereja Katolik Kaldea, yang bermarkas di Katedral Maria Bunda Dukacita, Baghdad, Irak. Patriark saat ininya adalah Mar Louis Raphaël I Sako. Ia dibantu oleh uskup agung Erbil Shlemon Warduni dan Uskup Auksilier Baghdad Basel Yaldo.[1][2][3] Katedralnya adalah Gereja Maria Bunda Dukacita di Baghdad, Irak. Referensi ^ Bishops appointed for Chaldean Church in Sydney, To...

 

Voce principale: Giochi olimpici estivi. Giochi della XVII OlimpiadeCittà ospitanteRoma, Italia Paesi partecipanti83 (vedi sotto) Atleti partecipanti5.338 (4.727 - 611 ) Competizioni150 in 19 sport Cerimonia apertura25 agosto 1960 Cerimonia chiusura11 settembre 1960 Aperti daGiovanni Gronchi Giuramento atletiAdolfo Consolini Ultimo tedoforoGiancarlo Peris StadioStadio Olimpico di Roma Medagliere Nazione Unione Sovietica432931103  Stati Uniti34211671  Italia131013 36 Cronologia dei...

County in Kentucky, United States County in KentuckyGarrard CountyCountyGarrard County Courthouse in LancasterLocation within the U.S. state of KentuckyKentucky's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 37°38′22″N 84°32′15″W / 37.63958°N 84.53763°W / 37.63958; -84.53763Country United StatesState KentuckyFoundedDecember 17, 1796Named forJames GarrardSeatLancasterLargest cityLancasterArea • Total234 sq mi (610 km2) •&#...

 

Beauty pageant Miss France 2009Chloé MortaudDateDecember 6, 2008PresentersJean-Pierre Foucault, Sylvie TellierVenuePuy du Fou, Pays de la LoireBroadcasterTF1Entrants36Placements12DebutsMiss Albigeois Midi-PyrénéesMiss St. Pierre & MiquelonWithdrawalsMiss Albigeois Midi-ToulousainMiss Comminges-PyrénéesWinnerChloé Mortaud Albigeois Midi-PyrénéesCongenialityÉméné Nyamé FlandreBest National CostumeHinatea Boosie TahitiPhotogenicCamille Cheyere Lorraine← 20082...

 

American prostitute Denham FoutsBornLouis Denham Fouts(1914-05-09)May 9, 1914Jacksonville, Florida, USDiedDecember 16, 1948(1948-12-16) (aged 34)Rome, ItalyNationalityAmericanOther namesDenny FoutsOccupation(s)male prostitute, socialite Denham Denny Fouts (May 9, 1914 – December 16, 1948[1]) was an American male prostitute and socialite. He served as the inspiration for characters by Truman Capote, Gore Vidal, Christopher Isherwood, and Gavin Lambert. He was allegedly a lo...

Swiss Global Air Lines IATA ICAO Kode panggil LZ[1] SWU EUROSWISS Didirikan01 September 2005 (2005-09-01) (sebagai Swiss European Air Lines)[2]Mulai beroperasi01 November 2005 (2005-11-01)[3] 03 Februari 2015 (2015-02-03) (sebagai Swiss Global Air Lines)Berhenti beroperasi19 April 2018 (2018-04-19) (bergabung dengan Swiss International Air Lines)AOC #CH.AOC.1044[4]PenghubungBandar Udara ZurichProgram penumpang setiaMiles & MoreAliansiSta...

 

Video game series For other uses, see Fallout (disambiguation). Video game seriesFalloutGenre(s)1997–2004:Role-playingsince 2004:Action role-playingDeveloper(s)Interplay EntertainmentBlack Isle StudiosMicro FortéBethesda Game StudiosObsidian EntertainmentFantasy Flight GamesModiphius EntertainmentGaea MobilePublisher(s)Interplay Entertainment(1997–2004)14 Degrees East(2001)Bethesda Softworks(since 2004)Creator(s)Tim CainLeonard BoyarskyPlatform(s)DOSMicrosoft WindowsMac OSMac OS XNintend...

 

New York City Subway station in the Bronx New York City Subway station in The Bronx, New York Burke Avenue ​ New York City Subway station (rapid transit)Southbound platformStation statisticsAddressBurke Avenue & White Plains RoadBronx, NYBoroughThe BronxLocaleAllerton, WilliamsbridgeCoordinates40°52′16″N 73°52′01″W / 40.871°N 73.867°W / 40.871; -73.867DivisionA (IRT)[1]LineIRT White Plains Road LineServices   2  (...

9th Royal Tank RegimentCap badge of the Royal Tank Regiment.Active27 November 1940–1946Country United KingdomBranch British ArmyTypeArmouredRoleHeavy Tank UnitSizeRegimentPart ofRoyal Armoured CorpsGarrison/HQOtley, West YorkshireMotto(s)Fear Naught Qui s'y frotte, s'y brule (Touch me, and you burn)AnniversariesCambrai Day, 20 NovemberCommandersNotablecommandersLieutenant Colonel Sir Nugent Everard, Bart Lt. Col Peter Norman (Berry) VealeMajor James Douglas Haddow Ballant...

 

Plants native to India Lotus, the national flower of India Wildlife of India Biodiversity Fauna Flora Lists Amphibians Ants Birds Butterflies Endangered animals Fish Mammals Molluscs Moths Odonates Reptiles Spiders Tiger beetles Protected areas Biosphere reserves Communal forests Conservation areas Conservation and community reserves Elephant reserves National parks Private protected areas Ramsar Sites Reserved and protected forests Tiger reserves Wildlife sanctuaries Conservation Projects Ch...

 

Indian actor Prem KumarBornMadras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaOccupationactorYears active1996–present.RelativesHarish Raghavendra (brother in law) Prem Kumar is an Indian actor who appears in Tamil films. He rose to fame starring in television serials, and was also the winner of season 1 of the reality dance show Jodi Number One. In the Nadigar Sangam elections held on 18 October 2015, he was elected as an executive committee member. He is the grandson of Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi, the Raja...

American businessman and philanthropist (1935-2009) Kenneth Wayne SimondsBornMay 5, 1935Kingsport, TNDiedOctober 11, 2009Indian Wells, CAYears active1958-1993Employer(s)IBM, Amdahl, TeradataSpouseSarah R. Simonds (1935)Children5 Kenneth Wayne Simonds (May 5, 1935 – October 11, 2009) was an American businessman and philanthropist.[1][2] Life He began his career in 1958 at IBM and was the youngest IBM manager when promoted to Green Bay, Wisconsin. He left IBM in 1975 to b...

 

Decks lower than fore and aft on a ship This article is about the traditional use of the term well deck. For well decks in amphibious warfare ships, see Well dock. USS William Ward Burrows on 6 July 1942. Her 3/23 guns have been replaced with 3/50 guns and the sponson in the forward well deck for the 50-foot motor launches has been removed. (The aft well deck is clearly visible forward of the poop.) In traditional nautical use, well decks were decks lower than decks fore and aft, usually...

 

2015 single by Ariana Grande One Last TimeSingle by Ariana Grandefrom the album My Everything ReleasedFebruary 10, 2015 (2015-02-10)Recorded2014Genre Dance-pop EDM Length3:17LabelRepublicSongwriter(s) David Guetta Savan Kotecha Giorgio Tuinfort Rami Yacoub Carl Falk Producer(s) Carl Falk Rami Ariana Grande singles chronology Santa Tell Me (2014) One Last Time (2015) Adore (2015) Alternative coverFrench version artwork featuring Kendji Girac Kendji Girac singles chronology A...

Highway in Illinois For the highway carrying the Illinois Route 83 designation in DuPage County, see Kingery Highway. Kingery ExpresswayTri-State HighwayKingery Expressway highlighted in redRoute informationMaintained by IDOTLength3 mi (4.8 km)Existed1953–presentComponenthighways I-80 / I-94 entire length US 6 in LansingMajor junctionsWest end I-80 / I-94 / I-294 / IL 394 in South HollandMajor intersections US 6 / IL 83 in Lan...

 

Biografi tokoh yang masih hidup ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber sehingga isinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Bantu memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus.Cari sumber: Amy Qanita – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Amy QanitaLahirAmy Rah...