Metrosideros polymorpha

ʻŌhiʻa lehua
Metrosideros polymorpha Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Bunga ʻŌhiʻa lehua
Status konservasi
Rentan
IUCN62779 Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Taksonomi
SuperkerajaanEukaryota
KerajaanPlantae
DivisiTracheophytes
OrdoMyrtales
FamiliMyrtaceae
TribusMetrosidereae
GenusMetrosideros
SpesiesMetrosideros polymorpha Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Gaudich., 1829
Tata nama
Sinonim takson
Daftar
    • Metrosideros collina f. lurida rock
    • Metrosideros collina f. sericea Rock
    • Metrosideros collina f. strigosa Rock
    • Metrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha (Gaudich.) Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. glaberrima (H.Lév.) Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. glabrifolia (A.Heller) Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. haleakalesis Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. hemilanata Hochr.
    • Metrosideros collina var. imbricata Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. incana (H.Lév.) Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. macrophylla Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. newellii Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. prostrata Rock
    • Metrosideros collina var. pumila (A.Heller) Rock
    • Metrosideros hillebrandii H.Lév. & Vaniot
    • Metrosideros pumila (A.Heller) Hochr.
    • Nania glabrifolia A.Heller
    • Nania polymorpha (Gaudich.) A.Heller
    • Nania pumila A.Heller
[1]
Varieties
M. p. var. dieteri
M. p. var. glaberrima
M. p. var. incana
M. p. var. macrophylla
M. p. var. newelli
M. p. var. polymorpha
M. p. var. pumila
M. p. var. pseudorugosa
Distribusi
EndemikHawaii Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Metrosideros polymorpha menjadi spesies perintis yang tumbuh di lava Pāhoehoe yang mengalir dari Kīlauea di Kalapana, Hawaii.

Metrosideros polymorpha, ʻōhiʻa lehua,[3] adalah spesies pohon cemara berbunga dari familia myrtus, Myrtaceae. Tumbuhan ini tumbuhan endemik yang ditemukan di enam pulau terbesar Kepulauan Hawaii. Pohon ini tumbuh dengan ketinggian variatif, di tanah yang subur, pohon ini bisa tumbuh hingga 20–25 m (66–82 kaki), sementara di tanah berawa-rawa atau basal, pohon ini hanya tumbuh sebagai semak kerdil. Pohon ini memiliki bunga yang mencolok, berwarna merah cerah hingga kuning. Penduduk pribumi Hawaii mempercayai bahwa tanah dan hutan yang ditumbuhi bunga ini adalah tempat suci bagi Pele, dewi gunung berapi, dan Laka, dewi hula dalam mitologi Hawaii. Pohon hiʻa mampu tumbuh di dataran lava, dan biasanya merupakan tumbuhan pertama yang tumbuh di aliran lava baru.

Terdapat sebuah kesalahpahaman umum bahwa kata ʻōhiʻa digunakan untuk merujuk pada pohon dan kata lehua hanya merujuk pada bunganya. Kamus Hawaii (Pukui dan Elbert 1986: 199) mendefinisikan lehua dengan kata-kata: "Bunga dari pohon ʻōhiʻa... termasuk pohon itu sendiri [dengan penekanan]." Jadi, Metrosideros polymorpha dalam nama lokal sebenarnya biasa dijuluki lehua, ʻōhiʻa lehua, atau hanya ʻōhiʻa.[4][5]

Catatan

  1. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". 
  2. ^ Friday, J. B.; Darrell A. Herbert (April 2006). "Metrosideros polymorpha (ʻōhiʻa lehua)" (PDF). The Traditional Tree Initiative. 
  3. ^ Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of ʻōhiʻa". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press. ; Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of lehua". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press. 
  4. ^ Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst and S.H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaiʻi. Bishop Museum Special Publication 97, University of Hawaiʻi Press, Honolulu.
  5. ^ Pukui, M.K. and S.H. Elbert. 1986. Hawaiian Dictionary. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Referensi

  • Medeiros, A.C., C.F. Davenport, and C.G. Chimera, Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest. URL:Ethnobotany of Auwahi.pdf, accessed 3 January 2007.
  • Simpson, P., 2005. Pōhutukawa & Rātā: New Zealand's Iron-Hearted Trees. Te Papa Press. 346 pp.
  • Starr, F., K. Starr, and L.L. Loope. New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 79:20-30.
  • 'Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a lehua)', Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, April 2006, version 3.2. URL:Metrosideros-ohia.pdf, accessed January 1, 2007.

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