Menhir

Menhir adalah batu tunggal, biasanya berukuran besar, yang ditatah seperlunya sehingga berbentuk tugu dan biasanya diletakkan berdiri tegak di atas tanah.^[1] Istilah menhir diambil dari bahasa Keltik, dari kata men (batu) dan hir (panjang)^[1].Jadi,artinya adalah batu Panjang.

Menhir biasanya didirikan secara tunggal atau berkelompok sejajar di atas tanah,^[1] tetapi pada beberapa tradisi juga ada yang diletakkan terlentang di tanah. Menhir, bersama-sama dengan dolmen dan sarkofagus, adalah megalit. Sebagai salah satu penciri utama budaya megalitik, pembuatan menhir telah dikenal sejak periode Neolitikum (mulai 6000 Sebelum Masehi). Beberapa menhir memiliki pahatan pada permukaannya sehingga membentuk figur tertentu atau menampilkan pola-pola hiasan. Menhir semacam ini dikenal sebagai menhir arca (statue menhir). Pada kebanyakan kebudayaan, tradisi pembuatan menhir telah berlalu, diganti dengan pembuatan bangunan; namun demikian di beberapa tempat, terutama di Nusantara, tradisi ini masih dilakukan hingga abad ke-20.Menhir berfungsi sebagai monumen masa prasejarah sebelum masehi.

Lokasi penemuan menhir tercatat di Eropa, Timur Tengah, Afrika Barat, India, Korea, serta Nusantara. Para arkeolog melihat bahwa menhir digunakan untuk tujuan religius dan memiliki makna simbolis sebagai sarana penyembahan arwah nenek moyang.^[1] Menhir adalah batu yang disembah pada zaman dahulu.

Fungsi Menhir

Pada dasarnya menhir merupakan sebuah batu yang ditegakan. Dari penelitian-penelitian yang sudah banyak dilakukan dapat diketahui beberapa fungsi menhir yaitu:^[2]

Menhir yang berfungsi dalam penguburan
Menhir yang berfungsi dalam upacara pemujaan
Menhir yang tidak bersifat religius atau bersifat profan

Lihat pula

Prala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Menhirs.

Referensi

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Adams, Laurie Schneider (2001). A History of Western Art. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-231717-5.
^ Sukendar, Haris. 1983. Peranan Menhir dalam Masyarakat Prasejarah di Indonesia dalam Pertemuan Ilmiah Arkeologi III. hlm: 93-106. Jakarta: Pusat Pnelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional.

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