Mengandi

Mengandi
Elaeagnus
Mengandi Amerika (Elaeagnus commutata)
Tumbuhan
Jenis buah	buah berbiji
Taksonomi

Kerajaan	Plantae
Divisi	Tracheophytes
Ordo	Rosales
Famili	Elaeagnaceae
Genus	Elaeagnus Linnaeus, 1753

Tipe taksonomi	Elaeagnus angustifolia

Species
See text

Elaeagnus ( /ˌɛliːˈæɡnəs/ ) ^[2] adalah genus dari sekitar 50–70 spesies tanaman berbunga dalam keluarga Elaeagnaceae .^[3] Spesies dari genus umumnya dikenal sebagai mengandi (bahasa Inggris silverberry).

Keterangan

Tanaman Elaeagnus merupakan semak atau pohon kecil yang meranggas atau selalu hijau .^[3] Daun dan pucuk bergantian biasanya ditutupi dengan sisik kecil berwarna keperakan hingga kecoklatan, sehingga tanaman tersebut berwarna keputihan hingga abu-abu kecokelatan jika dilihat dari kejauhan. Bunganya kecil, dengan kelopak empat lobus dan tanpa kelopak; mereka sering kali harum. Buahnya adalah buah berbiji berdaging yang berisi satu biji ; itu dapat dimakan di banyak spesies. Beberapa spesies dibudidayakan untuk diambil buahnya, antara lain E. angustifolia, E. umbellata, dan E. multiflora (gumi). E. umbellata mengandung likopen karotenoid .^[4]

Taksonomi

Genus Elaeagnus didirikan pada tahun 1754 oleh Carl Linnaeus, yang menghubungkan nama tersebut dengan Joseph Pitton de Tournefort .^[5] Ada kesepakatan bahwa nama tersebut didasarkan pada penggunaan kata Yunani Kuno ἐλαίαγνος oleh Theophrastus.</link> ( elaíagnos, latinisasi menjadi elaeagnus ) sebagai nama semak.^[6] Bagian pertama namanya, elae-, berasal dari ἐλαία</link> , 'Zaitun'. Sumber berbeda mengenai asal usul bagian kedua: mungkin dari ἄγνος</link> , Vitex agnus-castus, pohon suci,^[6] atau dari nama Yunani untuk sejenis pohon willow.^[7] Dalam kedua kasus tersebut, bagian kedua berasal dari ἁγνός</link> ( hagnós ), yang berarti 'murni', 'suci'.^[8]

Habitat

Sebagian besar spesies ini berasal dari daerah beriklim sedang dan subtropis di Asia.^[3] Elaeagnus triflora meluas dari Asia selatan hingga timur laut Australia, sedangkan E. commutata berasal dari Amerika Utara, dan Elaeagnus philippinensis berasal dari Filipina. Salah satu spesies Asia, E. angustifolia, mungkin juga berasal dari Eropa paling tenggara, meskipun mungkin merupakan perkenalan awal manusia di sana. Selain itu, beberapa spesies Elaeagnus di Asia telah ditetapkan sebagai spesies introduksi di Amerika Utara, dengan beberapa spesies ini dianggap invasif, atau bahkan dianggap berbahaya, di beberapa bagian Amerika Serikat.^[3]^[9]

Referensi

^ "Elaeagnus Tourn. ex L". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Diakses tanggal 2021-10-13.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. hlm. 606–7. ISBN 978-0-376-03850-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive)". CABI. 3 January 2018. Diakses tanggal 8 February 2018.
^ Fordham, Ingrid M.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Wiley, Eugene R.; Zimmerman, Richard H. (2001). "Fruit of autumn olive : A rich source of lycopene". HortScience. 36 (6): 1136–7. ISSN 0018-5345.
^ Linnaeus, Carl (1754). "148. Elaeagnus". Genera Plantarum (edisi ke-5). Holmia (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. hlm. 57. Diakses tanggal 2021-10-13.
^ ^a ^b Gilbert-Carter, H. (1955), Glossary of the British Flora (edisi ke-2nd), Cambridge University Press
^ Johnson, A.T.; Smith, H.A. (1972). Plant Names Simplified : Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop. hlm. 38. ISBN 978-0-900513-04-6.
^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert, "A Greek-English Lexicon", Perseus 4.0, Department of the Classics, Tufts University, diakses tanggal 2021-10-13
^ "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Lists". Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 April 2021. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2012.

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