Medan gravitasi

Medan gravitasi adalah medan yang menyebabkan suatu benda bermassa mengalami gaya gravitasi. Medan ini dibangkitkan oleh suatu benda bermassa. Didefinisikan secara rumus matematis sebagai besar gaya tarik dibagi massa benda.

Rumus medan gravitasi

Bila terdapat suatu objek bermassa $\!m_{i}$ pada posisi $\!{\vec {r}}_{i}$ maka medan gravitasi yang disebabkan oleh objek tersebut di titik $\!{\vec {r}}$ dirumuskan sebagai

{\vec {g}}_{i}({\vec {r}})=-G{\frac {m_{i}}{\left|{\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{i}\right|^{3}}}({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{i})

dengan:

$\!G$ : adalah konstanta univeral gravitasi Newton.
$m_{i}\!$ : adalah massa penyebab medan gravitasi.
${\vec {r}}_{i}$ : adalah posisi massa ke-1.
${\vec {r}}$ : adalah posisi tempat medan gravitasi dihitung.

Perhatikan bahwa tidak seperti dalam hal rumusan medan listrik, di mana muatan dapat berharga positif atau negatif, dalam hal medan gravitasi massa selalu berharga positif, sehingga medannya selalu menuju atau mengarah ke titik pusat penghasil medannya. Dengan kata lain apabila di dalam lingkungan medan gravitasi ditempatkan objek bermassa, maka objek tersebut akan mengalami gaya gravitasi yang arahnya menuju penyebab medan gravitasi. Dengan demikian dapat dimengerti mengapa gaya gravitasi selalu bersifat tarik-menarik.

Percepatan gravitasi

Dalam beberapa kasus, massa penyebab gravitasi sedemikian besarnya, sehingga medan gravitasi dapat dianggap tetap, walaupun titik pengamatan diubah. Untuk kasus ini lebih lazim jika ditetapkan suatu percepatan gravitasi, yang berupa suatu konstanta.

Pranala luar

Applet medan gravitasi Diarsipkan 2006-12-08 di Wayback Machine. oleh Jack Ord.

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