Massa atom

Untuk nilai perbandingan rata-rata massa seluruh isotop suatu atom terhadap 1/12 massa atom karbon-12, silakan lihat bobot atom

Massa atom (ma) dari suatu unsur kimia adalah massa suatu atom pada keadaan diam, umumnya dinyatakan dalam satuan massa atom.[1] Massa atom sering disinonimkan dengan massa atom relatif, massa atom rata-rata, dan bobot atom. Walaupun demikian, terdapat sedikit perbedaan karena nilai-nilai tersebut dapat berupa rata-rata berbobot dari massa semua isotop unsur, atau massa dari satu isotop saja. Untuk kasus suatu unsur yang hanya memiliki satu isotop dominan, nilai massa atom isotop yang paling melimpah tersebut dapat hampir sama dengan nilai bobot atom unsur tersebut. Untuk unsur-unsur yang isotop umumnya lebih dari satu, perbedaan nilai massa atom dengan bobot atomnya dapat mencapai lebih dari setengah satuan massa (contohnya klorin). Massa atom suatu isotop yang langka dapat berbeda dari bobot atom standar sebesar beberapa satuan massa.

Atom litium-7 memiliki 3 proton, 4 neutron, dan 3 elektron. Atom ini bermassa 7,016 u. Litium-6 yang langka dan bermassa 6,015 u hanya memiliki 3 neutron, membuat bobot atom (massa atom relatif) litium menjadi 6,941 u.

Massa atom relatif

Artikel utama: Massa atom relatif
  • Massa atom relatif (Ar) adalah massa atom rata-rata relatif terhadap 1/12 dari massa atom karbon-12, dengan perata-rataan berdasarkan kelimpahan isotop. Ia bersinonim dengan bobot atom.[2]
  • Massa isotop relatif (Ar) adalah massa relatif suatu isotop yang diperbandingkan dengan karbon-12.

Referensi

  1. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, edisi ke-2 ("Buku Emas") (1997). Versi koreksi daring:  (2006–) "atomic mass".
  2. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, edisi ke-2 ("Buku Emas") (1997). Versi koreksi daring:  (2006–) "relative atomic mass".

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