Mamalia laut

Paus bungkuk (Megaptera novaeangliae), anggota ordo Cetacea

Mamalia laut adalah mamalia yang bergantung pada samudra untuk bertahan hidup.[1] Tingkat kebergantungan pada lingkungan laut berbeda pada masing-masing spesies. Misalnya, lumba-lumba dan paus sepenuhnya bergantung pada laut selama hidupnya, sementara anjing laut makan di samudra, tetapi berkembang biak di darat.[2]

Saat ini terdapat sekitar 128 spesies mamalia laut, seperti anjing laut, paus, lumba-lumba, dan walrus. Walaupun jumlahnya sedikit bila dibandingkan dengan mamalia darat, jumlah biomassa mereka besar. Mereka memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga ekosistem laut, terutama dalam meregulasi populasi mangsa.[3] Namun, saat ini 23% mamalia laut terancam, dan hal ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran.[4]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Pompa, S., Ehrlich, P. R. & Ceballos, G. (2011) "Global distribution and conservation of marine mammals". PNAS 108 (33): 13600–13605 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1101525108
  2. ^ Jefferson, T. A., Webber, M. A. & Pitman, R. L. (2009) Marine Mammals of the World A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification London ; Burlington, MA: Academic ISBN 978-0-12-383853-7 7-16
  3. ^ Kaschner, K., Tittensor, D. P., Ready, J., Gerrodette, T. & Worm, B. (2011) "Current and Future Patterns of Global Marine Mammal Biodiversity" PLoS ONE 6(5): 19653 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0019653
  4. ^ Shipper, J., Chanson, J. S. & Chiozza, F. et al (2008) "The Status of the World’s Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge" Science 322: 225-230 DOI:10.1126/science.1165115

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