Macehualtin

Mācēhualtin (IPA: [maːseːˈwaltin], tunggal mācēhualli [maːseːˈwalli]) adalah rakyat jelata di peradaban Aztek.

Orang-orang yang tergolong ke dalam kelas sosial mācēhualtin adalah para petani di pedesaan yang merupakan mayoritas rakyat jelata di Aztek. Mācēhualtin menggarap tanah yang dimiliki oleh satuan sosial calpolli yang disebut chinampa. Tanaman-tanaman yang dipanen oleh para petani ini adalah jagung, kacang dan labu. Mācēhualtin diwajibkan membayar upeti dari hasil panen mereka kepada bangsawan Aztek.[1]

Pada masa kekuasaan Moctezuma II (1502–1520), mereka dilarang bekerja di istana kerajaan, sehingga jurang di antara kelompok bangsawan pipiltin dan macehualtin pun melebar. Sebelumnya, terdapat beberapa rakyat jelata yang bisa menjadi pipiltin, walaupun hal ini jarang terjadi. Mereka yang berhasil naik derajat disebut yaotequihua. Sementara itu, mereka yang turun derajat meskipun pernah terlahir sebagai pipiltin dijuluki pillaquistiltin. Kemungkinan untuk naik atau turun derajat sendiri sangat kecil karena orang-orang Aztek berkeyakinan bahwa setiap orang telah ditempatkan di dunia sesuai dengan takdirnya.

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  1. ^ Coe, Michael D.; Koontz, Rex (2013). Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs (edisi ke-7th). New York, NY: Thames & Hudson Inc. hlm. 203–204, 206. ISBN 978-0-500-29076-7. 

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