Livonia Swedia

Livonia Swedia

Svenska Livland
1629–1721
Bendera Livonia
Bendera
Provinsi Baltik Kekaisaran Swedia pada abad ke-17
Provinsi Baltik Kekaisaran Swedia pada abad ke-17
StatusDominion Swedia
Ibu kotaRiga
Bahasa yang umum digunakanBahasa Swedia, Estonia, Latvia, Livonia, Jerman Hilir (Latin sebagai lingua franca)
Agama
Lutheranisme
PemerintahanDominion
Raja Swedia 
• 1611–1632
Gustav II Adolf
• 1720–1751
Friedrich I
Gubernur-Jenderal Swedia 
• 1622–1628
Jacob De la Gardie
• 1696–1702
Erik Dahlberg
LegislatifDiet
Sejarah 
• Ditaklukkan Swedia
1621
• Gencatan senjata Altmark
25 September 1629
• Perjanjian Oliva
23 April 1660
• Perang Utara Besar
1700–1721
1713
• Perjanjian Nystad
30 Agustus 1721
Didahului oleh
Digantikan oleh
Kadipaten Livonia (1561–1621)
Denmark Estonia Denmark
Kegubernuran Livonia
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • Lihat • Bicara
Info templat
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Livonia Swedia (bahasa Swedia: Svenska Livland) adalah dominion Kekaisaran Swedia dari tahun 1629 hingga 1721. Dominion ini mencakup bagian selatan Estonia modern (termasuk pulau Ösel yang diserahkan oleh Denmark setelah disepakatinya Perjanjian Brömsebro) dan bagian utara Latvia modern (region Vidzeme). Wilayah ini merupakan bagian dari Kadipaten Livonia di Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania yang ditaklukkan oleh Swedia selama Perang Polandia-Swedia 1600–1629. Sebagian wilayah Livonia dan kota Riga sudah dikendalikan oleh Swedia semenjak tahun 1621 dan situasi ini diresmikan oleh Gencatan Senjata Altmark pada tahun 1629, tetapi seluruh wilayah Livonia baru diserahkan secara resmi oleh Perjanjian Oliva pada tahun 1660. Sebagian kecil Provinsi Wenden masih tetap berada di bawah kendali Persemakmuran dan diganti namanya menjadi Provinsi Inflanty ("Kepangeranan Livonia"); wilayahnya kurang lebih sama dengan wilayah Latgale saat ini.

Riga adalah kota terbesar di Kekaisaran Swedia pada masa itu. Livonia dan dominion-dominion Baltik lainnya berfungsi untuk menjaga dominium maris baltici Swedia. Swedia memberlakukan kebijakan keseragaman di Livonia pada masa Raja Karl XI dari Swedia: perhambaan dihapuskan, petani diberi pendidikan dan jalan karier militer, pemerintahan, atau gerejawi, dan para bangsawan harus menyerahkan kepemilikan mereka kepada raja dalam program reduksi besar. Sebagai perbandingan, wilayah Estonia Swedia yang tunduk kepada Swedia secara sukarela pada tahun 1561 relatif tidak tersentuh.

Wilayah Livonia pada akhirnya ditaklukkan oleh Kekaisaran Rusia selama Perang Utara Besar. Setelah peristiwa penyerahan Estonia dan Livonia pada tahun 1710, Kegubernuran Livonia didirikan. Wilayah ini secara resmi diserahkan kepada Rusia berdasarkan Perjanjian Nystad pada tahun 1721 bersamaan dengan wilayah Estonia dan Ingria.

Daftar gubernur jenderal

Dominion ini dipimpin oleh seorang gubernur jenderal yang diangkat oleh raja, tetapi memiliki majelisnya sendiri.

Referensi

  • Andrejs Plakans, A Concise History of the Baltic States, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 105ff.

56°58′00″N 24°08′00″E / 56.9667°N 24.1333°E / 56.9667; 24.1333

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