Lissamphibia

Lissamphibia
Rentang waktu: Trias AwalMasa kini (Kemungkinan catatan fosil Cisuralian)
Katak kaca zamrud (Centrolene prosoblepon)
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Domain: Eukaryota
Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Chordata
Kelas: Amphibia
Subkelas: Lissamphibia
Haeckel, 1866
Subkelompok

Lissamphibia (dari Bahasan Yunani λισσός (lissós, "halus") + ἀμφίβια (amphíbia), berarti "amfibi halus") adalah sebuah pengelompokan tetrapoda yang mencakup semua amfibi moderen. Lissamphibia terdiri dari tiga kelompok yang masih hidup: Salienta (katak, katak puru dan kerabat punahnya), Caudata (salamander, kadal air dan kerabat punahnya) dan Gymnophiona (sesilia tanpa lengan dan kerabat punahnya).

Salientia dan caudata kemungkinan berkerabat lebih dekat dengan stau sama lain daripada dengan sesilia. Nama Batrachia biasa digunakan untuk klad yang menggabungkan salientia dan caudata. Kelompok keempat, Allocaudata (juga dikenal sebagai Albanerpetontidae) juga diketahui, membentang selama 160 juta tahun dari periode Jura Awal sampai Pleistosen Awal, namun punah 2 juta tahun lalu.

Selama beberapa dekade, nama ini telah digunakan untuk kelompok yang mencakup semua amfibi moderen, namun mengecualikan semua kelompok-kelompok utama tetrapoda Paleozoikum seperti Temnospondyli, Lepospondyli, Embolomeri dan Seymouriamorpha.[1] Kebanyakan ilmuwan telah menyimpulkan bahwa semua kelompok-kelompok utama amfibi moderen (katak, salamander dan sesilia) berkerabat dekat.

Beberapa penulis telah berargumen bahwa hewan dissorophoid dari periode Perem awal, Gerobatrachus hottoni, adalah sejenis lissamphibia.[2] Namun juga tidak,[3] lissamphibia tertua yang diketahui adalah Triadobatrachus dan Czatkobatrachus dari periode Trias Awal.[4][5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Laurin, M. (2010). How Vertebrates Left the Water. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26647-6. 
  2. ^ Anderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R.; Scott, D.; Fröbisch, N.B.; Sumida, S.S. (2008). "A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders" (PDF). Nature. 453 (7194): 515–518. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..515A. doi:10.1038/nature06865. PMID 18497824. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-06-16. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-10. 
  3. ^ Marjanović, D.; Laurin, M. (2009). "The origin(s) of modern amphibians: a commentary" (PDF). Evolutionary Biology. 36 (3): 336–338. Bibcode:2009EvBio..36..336M. doi:10.1007/s11692-009-9065-8. 
  4. ^ Marjanović, D.; Laurin, M. (2007). "Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of lissamphibians". Systematic Biology. 56 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1080/10635150701397635. PMID 17520502. 
  5. ^ Evans, S. E.; Borsuk-Białynicka, M. (2009). "The Early Triassic stem−frog Czatkobatrachus from Poland" (PDF). Palaeontologica Polonica. 65: 79–195. 

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