Libya pada zaman Romawi

Gerbang Septimius Severus di Leptis Magna

Wilayah Afrika Utara yang dikenal dengan sebutan Libya semenjak tahun 1911 dikuasai oleh Romawi dari tahun 146 SM hingga 672 M. Nama Latin Libya pada masa itu mengacu kepada benua Afrika.[1] Wilayah pesisir Libya dikenal dengan nama Tripolitania dan Pentapolis, yang terbagi menjadi provinsi Africa di barat dan Creta et Cyrenaica di timur. Pada tahun 296 M, Kaisar Diokletianus memisahkan pemerintahan Creta dari Cyrenaica dan di Cyrenaica ia membentuk provinsi "Libya Hulu" dan "Libya Hilir", sehingga istilah Libya untuk pertama kalinya digunakan dalam konteks politik.

Kekuasaan Romawi sendiri bermula setelah mereka berhasil menghancurkan Kartago pada tahun 146 SM. Pada tahun 96 SM, Romawi juga berhasil memperoleh wilayah Cyrenaica secara damai (ditinggalkan sebagai warisan oleh raja Ptolemaios Apion).

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary

Daftar pustaka

  • Lidiano Bacchielli, La Tripolitania, in "Storia Einaudi dei Greci e dei Romani", Geografia del mondo tardo-antico, vol.20, Milano, Einaudi, 2008.
  • Barker, Graeme. Cyrenaica in Antiquity (Society for Libyan Studies Occasional Papers). Joyce Reynolds ISBN 0-86054-303-X
  • J.R.González, Historia de las legiones Romanas, Madrid 2003.
  • Graham, Alexander. Roman Africa: an outline of the history of the Roman occupation of North Africa, based chiefly upon inscriptions and monumental remains in that country. Publisher Longmans & Green (1902). University of California, 2007
  • M.Grant, The Antonines: the Roman empire in transition, Londra e N.Y. 1994. ISBN 978-0-415-13814-7
  • A.H.M.Jones, The later Roman empire 284-602, Baltymore 1986.
  • Lennox Manton, Roman North Africa, 1988
  • S.Rinaldi Tufi, Archeologia delle province romane, Roma 2007.
  • G.Webster, The roman imperial army of the first and second century A.D., Oklahoma 1998.


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